The Evolving Role of Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer and the Potential for Nonoperative Management.

Rectal cancer chemoradiation chemotherapy neoadjuvant therapy nonoperative management radiotherapy watchful waiting

Journal

Oncology & hematology review
ISSN: 2052-3815
Titre abrégé: Oncol Hematol Rev
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101586931

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
2020
Historique:
entrez: 25 8 2020
pubmed: 25 8 2020
medline: 25 8 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Locally advanced rectal cancer has broadly been defined as T3, T4, or lymph node-positive disease. In the 1990s, adjuvant chemoradiation was considered the optimal management for locally advanced rectal cancer. However, the paradigm shifted when the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 Rectal Cancer trial established neoadjuvant chemoradiation as the standard of care, based on reduced rates of toxicity and local recurrence, as well as higher rates of sphincter preservation compared with postoperative chemoradiation. Both short-course radiation and long-course chemoradiation are currently accepted methods for neoadjuvant treatment, with recent trials showing equivalence in outcomes. While surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment, there are data supporting the use of magnetic resonance imaging for risk stratification in rectal cancer and encouraging prospective data regarding nonoperative management. This review summarizes data on the evolution of treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer and discusses emerging evidence for nonoperative management.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32832093
pmc: PMC7439775
mid: NIHMS1589985

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

43-51

Subventions

Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : R01 CA200800
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR001863
Pays : United States

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Auteurs

Karishma Khullar (K)

Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Nell Maloney Patel (NM)

Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Cristan Anderson (C)

Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Anupama Chundury (A)

Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Darren Carpizo (D)

Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Daniel Feingold (D)

Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Miral Grandhi (M)

Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Howard Hochster (H)

Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Krupa Jani (K)

Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Timothy Kennedy (T)

Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Russell Langan (R)

Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Kristen Spencer (K)

Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

David August (D)

Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Salma K Jabbour (SK)

Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Classifications MeSH