Global variability in seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios in the modern ocean.

Mg:Ca Sr:Ca biogeochemistry global seawater

Journal

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
ISSN: 1091-6490
Titre abrégé: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7505876

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
08 09 2020
Historique:
pubmed: 28 8 2020
medline: 28 8 2020
entrez: 27 8 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios are biogeochemical parameters reflecting the Earth-ocean-atmosphere dynamic exchange of elements. The ratios' dependence on the environment and organisms' biology facilitates their application in marine sciences. Here, we present a measured single-laboratory dataset, combined with previous data, to test the assumption of limited seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca variability across marine environments globally. High variability was found in open-ocean upwelling and polar regions, shelves/neritic and river-influenced areas, where seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios range from ∼4.40 to 6.40 mmol:mol and ∼6.95 to 9.80 mmol:mol, respectively. Open-ocean seawater Mg:Ca is semiconservative (∼4.90 to 5.30 mol:mol), while Sr:Ca is more variable and nonconservative (∼7.70 to 8.80 mmol:mol); both ratios are nonconservative in coastal seas. Further, the Ca, Mg, and Sr elemental fluxes are connected to large total alkalinity deviations from International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) standard values. Because there is significant modern seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios variability across marine environments we cannot absolutely assume that fossil archives using taxa-specific proxies reflect true global seawater chemistry but rather taxa- and process-specific ecosystem variations, reflecting regional conditions. This variability could reconcile secular seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratio reconstructions using different taxa and techniques by assuming an error of 1 to 1.50 mol:mol, and 1 to 1.90 mmol:mol, respectively. The modern ratios' variability is similar to the reconstructed rise over 20 Ma (Neogene Period), nurturing the question of seminonconservative behavior of Ca, Mg, and Sr over modern Earth geological history with an overlooked environmental effect.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918943117 PMID: 32843340 PMC: PMC7486706
pubmed: 32843340
pii: 1918943117
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1918943117
pmc: PMC7486706
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

22281-22292

Commentaires et corrections

Type : ErratumIn

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

The authors declare no competing interest.

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Auteurs

Mario Lebrato (M)

Geosciences Department, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; mlebrato13@gmail.com.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8058-594X

Dieter Garbe-Schönberg (D)

Geosciences Department, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9006-9463

Marius N Müller (MN)

Oceanography Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Brazil.

Sonia Blanco-Ameijeiras (S)

Earth Sciences Department, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.

Richard A Feely (RA)

Ocean Climate Department, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115.

Laura Lorenzoni (L)

Remote Sensing Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33701.

Juan-Carlos Molinero (JC)

Ecology Department, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany.

Karen Bremer (K)

Geosciences Department, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany.

Daniel O B Jones (DOB)

Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems Department, National Oceanography Center, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5218-1649

Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez (D)

Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9474-602X

Dana Greeley (D)

Ocean Climate Department, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115.

Miles D Lamare (MD)

Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, 9016 Dunedin, New Zealand.

Aurelien Paulmier (A)

Biogeosciences Department, Laboratoire d´Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiales, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, CNRS, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier, University of Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4128-7824

Michelle Graco (M)

Biogeosciences Department, Laboratoire d´Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiales, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, CNRS, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier, University of Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France.

Joan Cartes (J)

Renewable Marine Resources Department, Institute of Marine Sciences at Spanish National Research Council, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

Joana Barcelos E Ramos (J)

Climate, Meteorology and Global Changes Department, University of the Azores, 9501-855 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.

Ana de Lara (A)

Organisms & Systems Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3555-7736

Ricardo Sanchez-Leal (R)

Physical Oceanography Department, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, 11006 Cadiz, Spain.

Paz Jimenez (P)

Physical Oceanography Department, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, 11006 Cadiz, Spain.

Flavio E Paparazzo (FE)

Biological Oceanography, Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 2915 Chubut, Argentina.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1528-5216

Susan E Hartman (SE)

Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems Department, National Oceanography Center, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6363-1331

Ulrike Westernströer (U)

Geosciences Department, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany.

Marie Küter (M)

Geosciences Department, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany.

Roberto Benavides (R)

Ecology Department, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2401-7638

Armindo F da Silva (AF)

Marine Biogeochemistry Department, Bazaruto Center for Scientific Studies, Benguerra Island, 1304 Vilankulos, Mozambique.

Steven Bell (S)

Marine Chemistry Department, Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, GE 01 St. George, Bermuda.

Chris Payne (C)

Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

Solveig Olafsdottir (S)

Marine Environment Department, Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, 101 Reykjavic, Iceland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5439-2546

Kelly Robinson (K)

Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70503.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5241-1675

Liisa M Jantunen (LM)

Air Quality Processes Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Canada, ON L0L 1N0, Canada.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0261-9539

Alexander Korablev (A)

Geophysics Department, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway.

Richard J Webster (RJ)

Clinical Research Unit, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.

Elizabeth M Jones (EM)

Oceanography and Climate Department, Institute of Marine Research, 9007 Tromsø, Norway.

Olivier Gilg (O)

Chrono-Environnement Department, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9083-4492

Pascal Bailly du Bois (P)

Radioecology Department, Cherbourg Radioecology Laboratory, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sȗreté Nucléaire, 50130 Octeville, France.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8436-0772

Jacek Beldowski (J)

Marine Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2891-1901

Carin Ashjian (C)

Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543.

Nejib D Yahia (ND)

Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.

Benjamin Twining (B)

Center for Ocean Biogeochemistry and Climate Change, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME 04544.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1365-9192

Xue-Gang Chen (XG)

Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 316021 Zhoushan, China.

Li-Chun Tseng (LC)

Marine Biology Institute, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224 Keelung City, Taiwan.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0251-565X

Jiang-Shiou Hwang (JS)

Marine Biology Institute, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224 Keelung City, Taiwan.
Center for Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224 Keelung City, Taiwan.

Hans-Uwe Dahms (HU)

Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0352-2715

Andreas Oschlies (A)

Ecology Department, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8295-4013

Classifications MeSH