Alerting the immune system to DNA damage: micronuclei as mediators.
Cell cycle checkpoints
DNA damage
Immune checkpoint blockade
Micronuclei
Radiotherapy
Journal
Essays in biochemistry
ISSN: 1744-1358
Titre abrégé: Essays Biochem
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0043306
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
26 10 2020
26 10 2020
Historique:
received:
20
06
2020
revised:
01
08
2020
accepted:
13
08
2020
pubmed:
28
8
2020
medline:
8
6
2021
entrez:
27
8
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Healthy cells experience thousands of DNA lesions per day during normal cellular metabolism, and ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs rely on DNA damage to kill cancer cells. In response to such lesions, the DNA damage response (DDR) activates cell-cycle checkpoints, initiates DNA repair mechanisms, or promotes the clearance of irreparable cells. Work over the past decade has revealed broader influences of the DDR, involving inflammatory gene expression following unresolved DNA damage, and immune surveillance of damaged or mutated cells. Subcellular structures called micronuclei, containing broken fragments of DNA or whole chromosomes that have been isolated away from the rest of the genome, are now recognized as one mediator of DDR-associated immune recognition. Micronuclei can initiate pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, or massively degrade to invoke distinct forms of genomic instability. In this mini-review, we aim to provide an overview of the current evidence linking the DDR to activation of the immune response through micronuclei formation, identifying key areas of interest, open questions, and emerging implications.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32844183
pii: 226198
doi: 10.1042/EBC20200016
pmc: PMC7588664
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
753-764Informations de copyright
© 2020 The Author(s).
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