Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies.
Animals
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor
Cellular Senescence
Combined Modality Therapy
Disease Management
Disease Progression
Disease Susceptibility
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
Humans
Immunotherapy, Adoptive
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Neoplasms
/ diagnosis
Neoplastic Stem Cells
/ drug effects
Organ Specificity
Precision Medicine
/ methods
Prognosis
CAR cells
biomarkers
cancer stem cells
precision therapy
senescence
targeted therapy
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
29
02
2020
accepted:
20
05
2020
entrez:
28
8
2020
pubmed:
28
8
2020
medline:
13
4
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest over the last decades. In particular, the analysis of biomarkers in cancer patients within the pre- and post-therapeutic period is required to identify several types of cells, which carry a risk for a disease progression and subsequent post-therapeutic relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation and can cause relapses. At the time point of tumor initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated cells or adult tissue resident stem cells. Due to their importance, several biomarkers that characterize CSCs have been identified and correlated to diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. However, CSCs have been shown to display a high plasticity, which changes their phenotypic and functional appearance. Such changes are induced by chemo- and radiotherapeutics as well as senescent tumor cells, which cause alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Induction of senescence causes tumor shrinkage by modulating an anti-tumorigenic environment in which tumor cells undergo growth arrest and immune cells are attracted. Besides these positive effects after therapy, senescence can also have negative effects displayed post-therapeutically. These unfavorable effects can directly promote cancer stemness by increasing CSC plasticity phenotypes, by activating stemness pathways in non-CSCs, as well as by promoting senescence escape and subsequent activation of stemness pathways. At the end, all these effects can lead to tumor relapse and metastasis. This review provides an overview of the most frequently used CSC markers and their implementation as biomarkers by focussing on deadliest solid (lung, stomach, liver, breast and colorectal cancers) and hematological (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) cancers. Furthermore, it gives examples on how the CSC markers might be influenced by therapeutics, such as chemo- and radiotherapy, and the tumor microenvironment. It points out, that it is crucial to identify and monitor residual CSCs, senescent tumor cells, and the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype in a therapy follow-up using specific biomarkers. As a future perspective, a targeted immune-mediated strategy using chimeric antigen receptor based approaches for the removal of remaining chemotherapy-resistant cells as well as CSCs in a personalized therapeutic approach are discussed.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32849491
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280
pmc: PMC7426526
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Biomarkers, Tumor
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1280Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Walcher, Kistenmacher, Suo, Kitte, Dluczek, Strauß, Blaudszun, Yevsa, Fricke and Kossatz-Boehlert.
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