Serological evidence of co-circulation of West Nile and Usutu viruses in equids from western Spain.
Animals
Coinfection
/ epidemiology
Female
Flavivirus
/ isolation & purification
Flavivirus Infections
/ epidemiology
Horse Diseases
/ epidemiology
Horses
Male
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Spain
/ epidemiology
West Nile Fever
/ epidemiology
West Nile virus
/ isolation & purification
Flavivirus
horses
risk factors
seroprevalence
vector-borne pathogens
Journal
Transboundary and emerging diseases
ISSN: 1865-1682
Titre abrégé: Transbound Emerg Dis
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101319538
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
May 2021
May 2021
Historique:
revised:
17
08
2020
received:
02
07
2020
accepted:
18
08
2020
pubmed:
28
8
2020
medline:
25
6
2021
entrez:
28
8
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne emerging virus in Europe with capacity to cause neurological complications such as encephalitis or meningoencephalitis in humans, birds or equids. In Spain, WNV is actively circulating in mosquitoes, birds and horses in different regions, but never has been deeply studied in Extremadura. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of WNV in equids of those areas and to analyse the risk factors associated with exposure to the virus. A total of 199 out of 725 equids presented antibodies against WNV by competition ELISA (27.45%), while 22 were doubtful (3.03%). Anti-WNV IgM antibodies were detected in 16 equids (2.21%), and 3 animals were doubtful (0.41%). All ELISA-reactive positive/doubtful sera (N = 226) were further tested by micro-virus neutralization test (VNT), and a total of 143 horses were confirmed as positive for WNV, obtaining a seroprevalence of 19.72% in equids of western Spain. In addition, specific antibodies against USUV were confirmed in 11 equids. In 24 equids, a specific flavivirus species (detected by ELISA test) could not be determined. The generalized linear mixed-effects models showed that the significant risk factors associated with individual WNV infection in equids were the age (adults) and hair coat colour (light), whereas in USUV infections, it was the breed (pure). Data demonstrated that WNV and USUV are circulating in regions of western Spain. Given the high WNV seroprevalence found in equids from the studied areas, it is important to improve the surveillance programmes of public health to detect undiagnosed human cases and to establish a vaccination programme in equid herds in these regions.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1432-1444Subventions
Organisme : Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria
ID : E-RTA2015-00002-C02-00
Organisme : Regional Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure, Extremadura Government and the European Regional Development Fund 'A way to make Europe'
ID : IB16135
Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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