Elucidation of Melanogenesis Cascade for Identifying Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approach of Pigmentary Disorders and Melanoma.
eumelanin
hypomelanosis
melanogenesis
melanoma
melanosome
pheomelanin
pigment-type switching
tyrosinase
tyrosinase related protein (TYRP)
vesicular transport
Journal
International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
Titre abrégé: Int J Mol Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101092791
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
25 Aug 2020
25 Aug 2020
Historique:
received:
02
08
2020
revised:
22
08
2020
accepted:
22
08
2020
entrez:
29
8
2020
pubmed:
29
8
2020
medline:
23
2
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Melanogenesis is the biological and biochemical process of melanin and melanosome biosynthesis. Melanin is formed by enzymic reactions of tyrosinase family proteins that convert tyrosine to form brown-black eumelanin and yellow-red pheomelanin within melanosomal compartments in melanocytes, following the cascades of events interacting with a series of autocrine and paracrine signals. Fully melanized melanosomes are delivered to keratinocytes of the skin and hair. The symbiotic relation of a melanocyte and an associated pool of keratinocytes is called epidermal melanin unit (EMU). Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) plays a vital role in melanocyte development and differentiation. MITF regulates expression of numerous pigmentation genes for promoting melanocyte differentiation, as well as fundamental genes for maintaining cell homeostasis. Diseases involving alterations of EMU show various forms of pigmentation phenotypes. This review introduces four major topics of melanogenesis cascade that include (1) melanocyte development and differentiation, (2) melanogenesis and intracellular trafficking for melanosome biosynthesis, (3) melanin pigmentation and pigment-type switching, and (4) development of a novel therapeutic approach for malignant melanoma by elucidation of melanogenesis cascade.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32854423
pii: ijms21176129
doi: 10.3390/ijms21176129
pmc: PMC7503925
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
MITF protein, human
0
Melanins
0
Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
ID : H21-Nano-006
Organisme : Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
ID : JP20790808
Organisme : Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
ID : JP23770233
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