A fluid mechanics explanation of the effectiveness of common materials for respiratory masks.
Aerosol droplets
COVID-19
Face masks
Filtration efficiency
Flowfield characteristics
Household materials
Pressure difference
Respiratory masks
Journal
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
ISSN: 1878-3511
Titre abrégé: Int J Infect Dis
Pays: Canada
ID NLM: 9610933
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2020
Oct 2020
Historique:
received:
28
05
2020
revised:
22
07
2020
accepted:
26
07
2020
pubmed:
31
8
2020
medline:
29
10
2020
entrez:
31
8
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Face masks are an important component of personal protection equipment employed in preventing the spread of diseases such as COVID-19. As the supply of mass-produced masks has decreased, the use of homemade masks has become more prevalent. It is important to quantify the effectiveness of different types of materials to provide useful information, which should be considered for homemade masks. Filtration effects of different types of common materials were studied by measuring the aerosol droplet concentrations in the upstream and downstream regions. Flow-field characteristics of surrounding regions of tested materials were investigated using a laser-diagnostics technique, i.e., particle image velocimetry. The pressure difference across the tested materials was measured. Measured aerosol concentrations indicated a breakup of large-size particles into smaller particles. Tested materials had higher filtration efficiency for large particles. Single-layer materials were less efficient, but they had a low pressure-drop. Multilayer materials could produce greater filtering efficiency with an increased pressure drop, which is an indicator of comfort level and breathability. The obtained flow-fields indicated a flow disruption downstream of the tested materials as the velocity magnitude noticeably decreased. The obtained results provide an insight into flow-field characteristics and filtration efficiency of different types of household materials commonly used for homemade masks. This study allows comparison with mass-produced masks under consistent test conditions while employing several well-established techniques.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32861829
pii: S1201-9712(20)30621-4
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.066
pmc: PMC7452831
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Aerosols
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
505-513Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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