Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis: The Effects on Brain and Cognition with a Focus on Resting-State Functional Connectivity.
Carotid stenosis
cognition
functional connectivity
Journal
Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
ISSN: 1552-6569
Titre abrégé: J Neuroimaging
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9102705
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2020
11 2020
Historique:
received:
10
07
2020
revised:
10
08
2020
accepted:
11
08
2020
pubmed:
1
9
2020
medline:
16
6
2021
entrez:
1
9
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Extracranial carotid artery stenosis (ECAS) due to the presence of atherosclerotic plaque is a well-known risk factor for stroke. Several structural imaging studies have investigated the effect of ECAS on the brain, focusing on structural damage (in particular cerebral small vessel disease) and on the rearrangement of the cerebral circulation. For example, it is known from the literature an association between carotid stenosis and cerebral small vessel disease, and it is also noted that a series of compensatory mechanisms are activated by the cerebrovascular system in order to overcome the cerebral hypoperfusion that is induced by the ECAS. Several neurocognitive studies have also investigated the association of ECAS with cognitive deficits. While the evidence tends to favor a direct association between ECAS and cognition, the actual relationship remains controversial. In the last decade, various resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) magnetic resonance (MR) studies have tried to elucidate the "in vivo" mechanisms underlying the cognitive impairment observed in these patients. Although these studies have been performed on small cohorts of patients without standardized protocols, it is plausible that in the future, such studies will help find early stage markers of cognitive impairment. This could permit an extension of indications for revascularization for the treatment of cognitive impairment in selected patients. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the current knowledge on the effects of ECAS on brain and cognition by analyzing the main evidence from animal and clinical studies, with a special focus on rs-fc MR studies.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
736-745Informations de copyright
© 2020 American Society of Neuroimaging.
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