The neural basis of language development: Changes in lateralization over age.
brain
development
fMRI
language
lateralization
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
ISSN: 1091-6490
Titre abrégé: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7505876
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
22 09 2020
22 09 2020
Historique:
pubmed:
10
9
2020
medline:
11
11
2020
entrez:
9
9
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
We have long known that language is lateralized to the left hemisphere (LH) in most neurologically healthy adults. In contrast, findings on lateralization of function during development are more complex. As in adults, anatomical, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging studies in infants and children indicate LH lateralization for language. However, in very young children, lesions to either hemisphere are equally likely to result in language deficits, suggesting that language is distributed symmetrically early in life. We address this apparent contradiction by examining patterns of functional MRI (fMRI) language activation in children (ages 4 through 13) and adults (ages 18 through 29). In contrast to previous studies, we focus not on lateralization per se but rather on patterns of left-hemisphere (LH) and right-hemisphere (RH) activation across individual participants over age. Our analyses show significant activation not only in the LH language network but also in their RH homologs in all of the youngest children (ages 4 through 6). The proportion of participants showing significant RH activation decreases over age, with over 60% of adults lacking any significant RH activation. A whole-brain correlation analysis revealed an age-related decrease in language activation only in the RH homolog of Broca's area. This correlation was independent of task difficulty. We conclude that, while language is left-lateralized throughout life, the RH contribution to language processing is also strong early in life and decreases through childhood. Importantly, this early RH language activation may represent a developmental mechanism for recovery following early LH injury.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32900940
pii: 1905590117
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1905590117
pmc: PMC7519388
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
23477-23483Subventions
Organisme : NIDCD NIH HHS
ID : R01 DC016902
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : K23 NS065121
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : U54 HD090257
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : P30 HD040677
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : KL2 TR001432
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDCD NIH HHS
ID : K18 DC014558
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCRR NIH HHS
ID : M01 RR020359
Pays : United States
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare no competing interest.
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