Geographic variation in responses of kelp forest communities of the California Current to recent climatic changes.
ENSO
Kelp forest communities
biogeographic patterns
climate change effects
ecosystem functioning
functional responses
marine heatwaves
Journal
Global change biology
ISSN: 1365-2486
Titre abrégé: Glob Chang Biol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9888746
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2020
Nov 2020
Historique:
received:
22
01
2020
revised:
06
05
2020
accepted:
18
06
2020
pubmed:
10
9
2020
medline:
15
4
2021
entrez:
9
9
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The changing global climate is having profound effects on coastal marine ecosystems around the world. Structure, functioning, and resilience, however, can vary geographically, depending on species composition, local oceanographic forcing, and other pressures from human activities and use. Understanding ecological responses to environmental change and predicting changes in the structure and functioning of whole ecosystems require large-scale, long-term studies, yet most studies trade spatial extent for temporal duration. We address this shortfall by integrating multiple long-term kelp forest monitoring datasets to evaluate biogeographic patterns and rates of change of key functional groups (FG) along the west coast of North America. Analysis of data from 469 sites spanning Alaska, USA, to Baja California, Mexico, and 373 species (assigned to 18 FG) reveals regional variation in responses to both long-term (2006-2016) change and a recent marine heatwave (2014-2016) associated with two atmospheric and oceanographic anomalies, the "Blob" and extreme El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Canopy-forming kelps appeared most sensitive to warming throughout their range. Other FGs varied in their responses among trophic levels, ecoregions, and in their sensitivity to heatwaves. Changes in community structure were most evident within the southern and northern California ecoregions, while communities in the center of the range were more resilient. We report a poleward shift in abundance of some key FGs. These results reveal major, ongoing region-wide changes in productive coastal marine ecosystems in response to large-scale climate variability, and the potential loss of foundation species. In particular, our results suggest that coastal communities that are dependent on kelp forests will be more impacted in the southern portion of the California Current region, highlighting the urgency of implementing adaptive strategies to sustain livelihoods and ensure food security. The results also highlight the value of multiregional integration and coordination of monitoring programs for improving our understanding of marine ecosystems, with the goal of informing policy and resource management in the future.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
6457-6473Subventions
Organisme : Walton Family Foundation
Organisme : Marisla Foundation
Organisme : Sandler Family Foundation
Organisme : David and Lucile Packard Foundation
Organisme : National Science Foundation
ID : OCE 1416837
Organisme : National Science Foundation
ID : OCE-1737090
Organisme : National Science Foundation
ID : OCE-1538582
Organisme : National Science Foundation
ID : DEB-1212124
Organisme : National Science Foundation
ID : OCE 1736830
Informations de copyright
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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