Development of sex differences in the human brain.
Adolescence
brain
childhood
development
machine learning
puberty
relevance vector
sex
Journal
Cognitive neuroscience
ISSN: 1758-8936
Titre abrégé: Cogn Neurosci
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101518151
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Historique:
pubmed:
10
9
2020
medline:
6
11
2021
entrez:
9
9
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Sex differences in brain anatomy have been described from early childhood through late adulthood, but without any clear consensus among studies. Here, we applied a machine learning approach to estimate 'Brain Sex' using a continuous (rather than binary) classifier in 162 boys and 185 girls aged between 5 and 18 years. Changes in the estimated sex differences over time at different age groups were subsequently calculated using a sliding window approach. We hypothesized that males and females would differ in brain structure already during childhood, but that these differences will become even more pronounced with increasing age, particularly during adolescence. Overall, the classifier achieved a good performance, with an accuracy of 80.4% and an AUC of 0.897 across all age groups. Assessing changes in the estimated sex with age revealed a growing difference between the sexes with increasing age. That is, the very large effect size of d = 1.2 which was already evident during childhood increased even further from age 11 onward, and eventually reached an effect size of d = 1.6 at age 17. Altogether these findings suggest a systematic sex difference in brain structure already during childhood, and a subsequent increase of this difference during adolescence.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32902364
doi: 10.1080/17588928.2020.1800617
pmc: PMC8510853
mid: NIHMS1621702
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
155-162Subventions
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : N01 HD023343
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD081720
Pays : United States
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