Subgaleal hematoma evacuation in a pediatric patient: A case report and review of the literature.
Hair braiding
Subgaleal hematoma
Subgaleal hemorrhage
Journal
Surgical neurology international
ISSN: 2229-5097
Titre abrégé: Surg Neurol Int
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101535836
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
23
04
2020
accepted:
01
08
2020
entrez:
9
9
2020
pubmed:
10
9
2020
medline:
10
9
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Subgaleal hematoma (SGH) is generally documented within the neonatal period and is rarely reported as a result of trauma or hair braiding in children. While rare, complications of SGH can result in ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, visual deficit, and corneal ulceration secondary to hematoma extension into the orbit. Although conservative treatment is preferential, expanding SGH should be aspirated to reduce complications associated with further expansion. A 12-year-old African-American female with no recent history of trauma presented with a chief complaint of headache along with a 2-day history of enlarging 2-3 cm ballotable bilateral frontal mass. Hematological workup was negative. The patient's family confirmed a long history of hair braiding. The patient was initially prescribed a period of observation but returned 1-week later with enlarging SGH, necessitating surgical aspiration. SGH is rare past the neonatal period, but can be found in pediatric and adolescent patients secondary to trauma or hair pulling. Standard workup includes evaluation of the patient's hematological profile for bleeding or coagulation deficits, as well as evaluation for child abuse. Although most cases of SGH resolve spontaneously over the course of several weeks, close follow-up is recommended. The authors present a case of a 12-year-old female presenting with enlarging subgaleal hemorrhages who underwent surgical aspiration and drainage without recurrence. A literature review was also conducted with 32 pediatric cases identified, 20 of which were related to hair pulling, combing, or braiding. We review the clinical course, imaging characteristics, surgical management, as well as a review of the literature involving subgaleal hemorrhage in pediatric patients and hair pulling.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Subgaleal hematoma (SGH) is generally documented within the neonatal period and is rarely reported as a result of trauma or hair braiding in children. While rare, complications of SGH can result in ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, visual deficit, and corneal ulceration secondary to hematoma extension into the orbit. Although conservative treatment is preferential, expanding SGH should be aspirated to reduce complications associated with further expansion.
CASE DESCRIPTION
METHODS
A 12-year-old African-American female with no recent history of trauma presented with a chief complaint of headache along with a 2-day history of enlarging 2-3 cm ballotable bilateral frontal mass. Hematological workup was negative. The patient's family confirmed a long history of hair braiding. The patient was initially prescribed a period of observation but returned 1-week later with enlarging SGH, necessitating surgical aspiration.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
SGH is rare past the neonatal period, but can be found in pediatric and adolescent patients secondary to trauma or hair pulling. Standard workup includes evaluation of the patient's hematological profile for bleeding or coagulation deficits, as well as evaluation for child abuse. Although most cases of SGH resolve spontaneously over the course of several weeks, close follow-up is recommended. The authors present a case of a 12-year-old female presenting with enlarging subgaleal hemorrhages who underwent surgical aspiration and drainage without recurrence. A literature review was also conducted with 32 pediatric cases identified, 20 of which were related to hair pulling, combing, or braiding. We review the clinical course, imaging characteristics, surgical management, as well as a review of the literature involving subgaleal hemorrhage in pediatric patients and hair pulling.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32905325
doi: 10.25259/SNI_207_2020
pii: SNI-11-243
pmc: PMC7468241
doi:
Types de publication
Case Reports
Langues
eng
Pagination
243Informations de copyright
Copyright: © 2020 Surgical Neurology International.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
There are no conflicts of interest.
Références
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1976 Apr;15(4):384-5
pubmed: 1253521
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1978 May-Jun;15(3):151-3
pubmed: 739344
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2009 Jan;25(1):40-1
pubmed: 19148013
JAMA. 1968 Apr 22;204(4):339
pubmed: 5694635
BJOG. 2006 Apr;113(4):491; author reply 491-2
pubmed: 16553661
Forensic Sci Int. 2006 Mar 10;157(2-3):131-3
pubmed: 16191474
Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2017 Aug;159(8):1565-1569
pubmed: 28484831
JAMA. 1980 Oct 3;244(14):1597-8
pubmed: 7420661
Childs Nerv Syst. 2005 Jun;21(6):489-92
pubmed: 15599562
Acta Paediatr. 2019 Dec;108(12):2170-2174
pubmed: 31419333
J Emerg Med. 1991;9 Suppl 1:33-5
pubmed: 1955679
Pediatr Emerg Care. 1992 Jun;8(3):143-5
pubmed: 1614905
Ann Emerg Med. 1995 Dec;26(6):752-4
pubmed: 7492049
Dev Med Child Neurol. 1986 Aug;28(4):511-4
pubmed: 3758506
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1994 Jul;54(1):62-6
pubmed: 8087725
J Assoc Physicians India. 1990 Dec;38(12):955
pubmed: 2096145
J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 May;93(5):625-8
pubmed: 20524452
Interv Neuroradiol. 2010 Sep;16(3):317-21
pubmed: 20977867
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2004 Dec;20(12):821-3
pubmed: 15572970
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2004 May;20(5):316-8
pubmed: 15123904
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2020 Feb 27;:
pubmed: 32106153
Pediatrics. 1982 Aug;70(2):306-7
pubmed: 7099803
J Trauma. 1988 Dec;28(12):1681-3
pubmed: 3199473
Acta Paediatr. 2020 Feb;109(2):426
pubmed: 31560793
J Emerg Med. 2017 Nov;53(5):e85-e88
pubmed: 28941556
J Neurosurg. 1988 Nov;69(5):770-1
pubmed: 3183735
Orbit. 2019 Apr;38(2):162-165
pubmed: 29727255
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1984 May-Jun;93(3 Pt 1):237-9
pubmed: 6732110
Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 Apr;133(4):584-5
pubmed: 11931806
Pediatrics. 1981 Oct;68(4):583-4
pubmed: 7322692
Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003 Mar;19(2):154-5
pubmed: 12644765
J Craniofac Surg. 2016 Jul;27(5):1261-2
pubmed: 27258718
Pediatr Radiol. 2009 Jun;39(6):622-4
pubmed: 19255750
Isr Med Assoc J. 2019 Jun;21(6):422-423
pubmed: 31280516
J AAPOS. 2008 Oct;12(5):521-3
pubmed: 18620880
J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2015 Jan;115(1):58; quiz 59-60
pubmed: 25550493
Lancet. 1971 Feb 13;1(7694):350
pubmed: 4100184