A single-cell polony method reveals low levels of infected Prochlorococcus in oligotrophic waters despite high cyanophage abundances.
Journal
The ISME journal
ISSN: 1751-7370
Titre abrégé: ISME J
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101301086
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2021
01 2021
Historique:
received:
07
03
2020
accepted:
17
08
2020
revised:
05
08
2020
pubmed:
13
9
2020
medline:
22
4
2021
entrez:
12
9
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Long-term stability of picocyanobacteria in the open oceans is maintained by a balance between synchronous division and death on daily timescales. Viruses are considered a major source of microbial mortality, however, current methods to measure infection have significant methodological limitations. Here we describe a method that pairs flow-cytometric sorting with a PCR-based polony technique to simultaneously screen thousands of taxonomically resolved individual cells for intracellular virus DNA, enabling sensitive, high-throughput, and direct quantification of infection by different virus lineages. Under controlled conditions with picocyanobacteria-cyanophage models, the method detected infection throughout the lytic cycle and discriminated between varying infection levels. In North Pacific subtropical surface waters, the method revealed that only a small percentage of Prochlorococcus (0.35-1.6%) were infected, predominantly by T4-like cyanophages, and that infection oscillated 2-fold in phase with the diel cycle. This corresponds to 0.35-4.8% of Prochlorococcus mortality daily. Cyanophages were 2-4-fold more abundant than Prochlorococcus, indicating that most encounters did not result in infection and suggesting infection is mitigated via host resistance, reduced phage infectivity and inefficient adsorption. This method will enable quantification of infection for key microbial taxa across oceanic regimes and will help determine the extent that viruses shape microbial communities and ecosystem level processes.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32918065
doi: 10.1038/s41396-020-00752-6
pii: 10.1038/s41396-020-00752-6
pmc: PMC7853090
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
41-54Références
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