Interplay between HMGA and TP53 in cell cycle control along tumor progression.
Cancer
Cell cycle
Cell cycle-directed anti-cancer therapies
HMGA
TP53
Journal
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
ISSN: 1420-9071
Titre abrégé: Cell Mol Life Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 9705402
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Feb 2021
Feb 2021
Historique:
received:
30
04
2020
accepted:
03
09
2020
revised:
05
08
2020
pubmed:
14
9
2020
medline:
2
3
2021
entrez:
13
9
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The high mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are found to be aberrantly expressed in several tumors. Studies (in vitro and in vivo) have shown that HMGA protein overexpression has a causative role in carcinogenesis process. HMGA proteins regulate cell cycle progression through distinct mechanisms which strongly influence its normal dynamics along malignant transformation. Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is the most frequently altered gene in cancer. The loss of its activity is recognized as the fall of a barrier that enables neoplastic transformation. Among the different functions, TP53 signaling pathway is tightly involved in control of cell cycle, with cell cycle arrest being the main biological outcome observed upon p53 activation, which prevents accumulation of damaged DNA, as well as genomic instability. Therefore, the interaction and opposing effects of HMGA and p53 proteins on regulation of cell cycle in normal and tumor cells are discussed in this review. HMGA proteins and p53 may reciprocally regulate the expression and/or activity of each other, leading to the counteraction of their regulation mechanisms at different stages of the cell cycle. The existence of a functional crosstalk between these proteins in the control of cell cycle could open the possibility of targeting HMGA and p53 in combination with other therapeutic strategies, particularly those that target cell cycle regulation, to improve the management and prognosis of cancer patients.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32920697
doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03634-4
pii: 10.1007/s00018-020-03634-4
doi:
Substances chimiques
HMGA Proteins
0
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
817-831Références
Fusco A, Fedele M (2007) Roles of HMGA proteins in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 7(12):899–910
pubmed: 18004397
Ozturk N, Singh I, Mehta A, Braun T, Barreto G (2014) HMGA proteins as modulators of chromatin structure during transcriptional activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2:5
pubmed: 25364713
pmcid: 4207033
Vignali R, Marracci S (2020) HMGA genes and proteins in development and evolution. Int J Mol Sci 21(2):1–39
Yang K, Guo W, Ren T, Huang Y, Han Y, Zhang H et al (2019) Knockdown of HMGA2 regulates the level of autophagy via interactions between MSI2 and Beclin1 to inhibit NF1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour growth. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 38(1):185
pubmed: 31053152
pmcid: 6500071
Colombo DF, Burger L, Baubec T, Schübeler D (2017) Binding of high mobility group A proteins to the mammalian genome occurs as a function of AT-content. PLoS Genet 13(12):e1007102
pubmed: 29267285
pmcid: 5756049
Thanos D, Maniatis T (1992) The high mobility group protein HMG I(Y) is required for NF-kappa B-dependent virus induction of the human IFN-beta gene. Cell 71(5):777–789
pubmed: 1330326
Forzati F, Federico A, Pallante P, Abbate A, Esposito F, Malapelle U et al (2012) CBX7 is a tumor suppressor in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 122(2):612–623
pubmed: 22214847
pmcid: 3266782
Battista S, Fedele M, Martinez Hoyos J, Pentimalli F, Pierantoni GM, Visone R et al (2005) High-mobility-group A1 (HMGA1) proteins down-regulate the expression of the recombination activating gene 2 (RAG2). Biochem J 389:91–97
pubmed: 15713121
pmcid: 1184541
Fedele M, Visone R, De Martino I, Troncone G, Palmieri D, Battista S et al (2006) HMGA2 induces pituitary tumorigenesis by enhancing E2F1 activity. Cancer Cell 9(6):459–471
pubmed: 16766265
Cao XP, Cao Y, Zhao H, Yin J, Hou P (2019) HMGA1 promoting gastric cancer oncogenic and glycolytic phenotypes by regulating c-myc expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 516(2):457–465
pubmed: 31229266
Tessari MA, Gostissa M, Altamura S, Sgarra R, Rustighi A, Salvagno C et al (2003) Transcriptional activation of the cyclin A gene by the architectural transcription factor HMGA2. Mol Cell Biol 23(24):9104–9116
pubmed: 14645522
pmcid: 309667
Zhang Q, Wang Y (2010) HMG modifications and nuclear function. Biochim Biophys Acta 1799(1–2):28–36
pubmed: 20123066
pmcid: 2818492
Sgarra R, Diana F, Rustighi A, Manfioletti G, Giancotti V (2003) Increase of HMGA1a protein methylation is a distinctive characteristic of leukaemic cells induced to undergo apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 10(3):386–389
pubmed: 12700639
Sgarra R, Diana F, Bellarosa C, Dekleva V, Rustighi A, Toller M et al (2003) During apoptosis of tumor cells HMGA1a protein undergoes methylation: identification of the modification site by mass spectrometry. Biochemistry 42(12):3575–3585
pubmed: 12653562
Foti D, Chiefari E, Fedele M, Iuliano R, Brunetti L, Paonessa F, Manfioletti G, Barbetti F, Brunetti A, Croce CM, Fusco A, Brunetti A (2005) Lack of the architectural factor HMGA1 causes insulin resistance and diabetes in humans and mice. Nat Med 11(7):765–773
pubmed: 15924147
Anand A, Chada K (2000) In vivo modulation of Hmgic reduces obesity. Nat Genet 24(4):377–380
pubmed: 10742101
Federico A, Forzati F, Esposito F, Arra C, Palma G, Barbieri A et al (2014) Hmga1/Hmga2 double knock-out mice display a “superpygmy” phenotype. Biol Open 3(5):372–378
pubmed: 24728959
pmcid: 4021359
Pallante P, Sepe R, Puca F, Fusco A (2015) High mobility group A proteins as tumor markers. Front Med (Lausanne) 2:15–22
Wang X, Liu X, Li AY, Chen L, Lai L, Lin HH et al (2011) Overexpression of HMGA2 promotes metastasis and impacts survival of colorectal cancers. Clin Cancer Res 17(8):2570–2580
pubmed: 21252160
pmcid: 3079060
Berlingieri MT, Pierantoni GM, Giancotti V, Santoro M, Fusco A (2002) Thyroid cell transformation requires the expression of the HMGA1 proteins. Oncogene 21(19):2971–2980
pubmed: 12082527
Arlotta P, Tai AK, Manfioletti G, Clifford C, Jay G, Ono SJ (2000) Transgenic mice expressing a truncated form of the high mobility group I-C protein develop adiposity and an abnormally high prevalence of lipomas. J Biol Chem 275(19):14394–14400
pubmed: 10747931
Baldassarre G, Fedele M, Battista S, Vecchione A, Klein-Szanto AJ, Santoro M et al (2001) Onset of natural killer cell lymphomas in transgenic mice carrying a truncated HMGI-C gene by the chronic stimulation of the IL-2 and IL-15 pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(14):7970–7975
pubmed: 11427729
Xu Y, Sumter TF, Bhattacharya R, Tesfaye A, Fuchs EJ, Wood LJ et al (2004) The HMG-I oncogene causes highly penetrant, aggressive lymphoid malignancy in transgenic mice and is overexpressed in human leukemia. Cancer Res 64(10):3371–3375
pubmed: 15150086
Fedele M, Pentimalli F, Baldassarre G, Battista S, Klein-Szanto AJ, Kenyon L et al (2005) Transgenic mice overexpressing the wild-type form of the HMGA1 gene develop mixed growth hormone/prolactin cell pituitary adenomas and natural killer cell lymphomas. Oncogene 24(21):3427–3435
pubmed: 15735694
Oliveira-Mateos C, Sánchez-Castillo A, Soler M, Obiols-Guardia A, Piñeyro D, Boque-Sastre R et al (2019) The transcribed pseudogene RPSAP52 enhances the oncofetal HMGA2-IGF2BP2-RAS axis through LIN28B-dependent and independent let-7 inhibition. Nat Commun 10(1):3979–4036
pubmed: 31484926
pmcid: 6726650
Wang X, Cao L, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu N, You Y (2012) Regulation of let-7 and its target oncogenes (Review). Oncol Lett 3(5):955–960
pubmed: 22783372
pmcid: 3389667
De Martino M, Esposito F, Pellecchia S, Penha RCC, Botti G, Fusco A et al (2020) HMGA1-regulating microRNAs Let-7a and miR-26a are downregulated in human seminomas. Int J Mol Sci 21:3014–3023
pmcid: 7215726
D’Angelo D, Arra C, Fusco A (2020) RPSAP52 lncRNA inhibits p21Waf1/CIP expression by interacting with the RNA binding protein HuR. Oncol Res 28(2):191–201
pubmed: 31831098
pmcid: 7851518
Ros G, Pegoraro S, De Angelis P, Sgarra R, Zucchelli S, Gustincich S et al (2019) HMGA2 antisense long non-coding RNAs as new players in the regulation of HMGA2 expression and pancreatic cancer promotion. Front Oncol 9:1526–1531
pubmed: 32010621
D’Angelo D, Mussnich P, Sepe R, Raia M, Del Vecchio L, Cappabianca P et al (2019) RPSAP52 lncRNA is overexpressed in pituitary tumors and promotes cell proliferation by acting as miRNA sponge for HMGA proteins. J Mol Med (Berl) 97(7):1019–1032
Wang Z, Wang P, Cao L, Li F, Duan S, Yuan G et al (2019) Long intergenic non-coding RNA 01121 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via the miR-150-5p/HMGA2 axis. Cancer Manag Res 11:10859–10870
pubmed: 31920395
pmcid: 6941603
De Martino M, Forzati F, Arra C, Fusco A, Esposito F (2016) HMGA1-pseudogenes and cancer. Oncotarget 7(19):28724–28735
pubmed: 26895108
pmcid: 5053758
Esposito F, De Martino M, Petti MG, Forzati F, Tornincasa M, Federico A et al (2014) HMGA1 pseudogenes as candidate proto-oncogenic competitive endogenous RNAs. Oncotarget 5(18):8341–8354
pubmed: 25268743
pmcid: 4226687
Lane DP, Crawford LV (1979) T antigen is bound to a host protein in SV40-transformed cells. Nature 278:261–263
pubmed: 218111
Linzer DI, Levine AJ (1979) Characterization of a 54 K dalton cellular SV40 tumor antigen present in SV40-transformed cells and uninfected embryonal carcinoma cells. Cell 17:43–52
pubmed: 222475
Eliyahu D, Michalovitz D, Eliyahu S, Pinhasi-Kimhi O, Oren M (1989) Wild-type p53 can inhibit oncogene-mediated focus formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:8763–8767
pubmed: 2530586
Finlay CA, Hinds PW, Levine AJ (1989) The p53 proto-oncogene can act as a suppressor of transformation. Cell 57:1083–1093
pubmed: 2525423
Hollstein M, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B, Harris CC (1991) p53 mutations in human cancers. Science 253:49–53
pubmed: 1905840
Baker SJ, Fearon ER, Nigro JM, Hamilton SR, Preisinger AC, Jessup JM et al (1989) Chromosome 17 deletions and p53 gene mutations in colorectal carcinomas. Science 244:217–221
pubmed: 2649981
Nigro JM, Baker SJ, Preisinger AC, Jessup JP, Hosteller R, Cleary K et al (1989) Mutations in the p53 gene occur in diverse human tumour types. Nature 342:705–708
pubmed: 2531845
Malkin D, Li FP, Strong LC, Fraumeni JF Jr, Nelson CE, Kim DH et al (1990) Germ line p53 mutations in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcomas, and other neoplasms. Science 250:1233–1238
pubmed: 1978757
Dolgin E (2017) The most popular genes in the human genome. Nature 551:427–431
pubmed: 29168817
Kandoth C, McLellan MD, Vandin F, Ye K, Niu B, Lu C et al (2013) Mutational landscape and significance across 12 major cancer types. Nature 502:333–339
pubmed: 24132290
pmcid: 3927368
Lawrence MS, Stojanov P, Mermel CH, Robinson JT, Garraway LA, Golub TR et al (2014) Discovery and saturation analysis of cancer genes across 21 tumour types. Nature 505:495–501
pubmed: 24390350
pmcid: 4048962
Rivlin N, Brosh R, Oren M, Rotter V (2011) Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene: important milestones at the various steps of tumorigenesis. Genes Cancer 2(4):466–474
pubmed: 21779514
pmcid: 3135636
Mantovani F, Collavin L, Del Sal G (2019) Mutant p53 as a guardian of the cancer cell. Cell Death Differ 26(2):199–212
pubmed: 30538286
Hainaut P, Hollstein M (2000) p53 and human cancer: the first ten thousand mutations. Adv Cancer Res 77:81–137
pubmed: 10549356
Stommel JM, Marchenko ND, Jimenez GS, Moll UM, Hope TJ, Wahl GM (1999) A leucine-rich nuclear export signal in the p53 tetramerization domain: regulation of subcellular localization and p53 activity by NES masking. EMBO J 18:1660–1672
pubmed: 10075936
pmcid: 1171253
Bode AM, Dong Z (2004) Post-translational modification of p53 in tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 4(10):793–805
pubmed: 15510160
Hernandez-Boussard T, Montesano R, Hainaut P (1999) Sources of bias in the detection and reporting of p53 mutations in human cancer: analysis of the IARC p53 mutation database. Genet Anal 14(5–6):229–233
pubmed: 10084119
Gudkov AV, Komarova EA (2007) Dangerous habits of a security guard: the 2 faces of p53 as a drug target. Hum Mol Genet 16(Spec No 1):R67–R72
pubmed: 17613549
Lu C, El-Deiry WS (2009) Targeting p53 for enhanced radio- and chemo-sensitivity. Apoptosis 14:597–606
pubmed: 19259822
Bykov VJ, Selivanova G, Wiman KG (2003) Small molecules that reactivate mutant p53. Eur J Cancer 39:1828–1834
pubmed: 12932659
Read AP, Strachan T (1999) Cancer genetics. Human molecular genetics 2. Wiley, New York
Bieging KT, Mello SS, Attardi LD (2014) Unravelling mechanisms of p53-mediated tumour suppression. Nat Rev Cancer 14:359–370
pubmed: 24739573
pmcid: 4049238
Kruiswijk F, Labuschagne CF, Vousden KH (2015) p53 in survival, death and metabolic health: a lifeguard with a licence to kill. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 16:393–405
pubmed: 26122615
Muller PA, Vousden KH (2014) Mutant p53 in cancer: new functions and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Cell 25:304–317
pubmed: 24651012
pmcid: 3970583
Haupt Y, Maya R, Kazaz A, Oren M (1997) Mdm2 promotes the rapid degradation of p53. Nature 387:296–299
pubmed: 9153395
pmcid: 9153395
Honda R, Tanaka H, Yasuda H (1997) Oncoprotein MDM2 is a ubiquitin ligase E3 for tumor supressor p53. FEBS Lett 420:25–27
pubmed: 9450543
Kubbutat MH, Jones SN, Vousden KH (1997) Regulation of p53 stability by Mdm2. Nature 387:299–303
pubmed: 9153396
Barak Y, Juven T, Haffner R, Oren M (1993) MDM2 expression is induced by wild type p53 activity. EMBO J 12:461–468
pubmed: 8440237
pmcid: 413229
Hager KM, Gu W (2014) Understanding the noncanonical pathways involved in p53-mediated tumor suppression. Carcinogenesis 35:740–746
pubmed: 24381013
Kang R, Kroemer G, Tang D (2019) The tumor suppressor protein p53 and the ferroptosis network. Free Radic Biol Med 133:162–168
pubmed: 29800655
Hupp TR, Lane DP (1994) Allosteric activation of latent p53 tetramers. Curr Biol 4:865–875
pubmed: 7850419
Prives C, Hall PA (1999) The p53 pathway. J Pathol 187:112–126
pubmed: 10341712
Vogelstein B, Lane D, Levine AJ (2000) Surfing the p53 network. Nature 408:307–310
pubmed: 11099028
Brooks CL, Gu W (2003) Ubiquitination, phosphorylation and acetylation: the molecular basis for p53 regulation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 15:164–171
pubmed: 12648672
Michael D, Oren M (2003) The p53-Mdm2 module and the ubiquitin system. Semin Cancer Biol 13:49–58
pubmed: 12507556
Brooks CL, Gu W (2006) p53 ubiquitination: mdm2 and Beyond. Mol Cell 21:307–315
pubmed: 16455486
pmcid: 3737769
Toledo F, Wahl GM (2006) Regulating the p53 pathway: in vitro hypothesis, in vivo veritas. Nat Rev Cancer 6:909–923
pubmed: 17128209
Horn HF, Vousden KH (2007) Coping with stress: multiple ways to activate p53. Oncogene 26:1306–1316
pubmed: 17322916
Tang Y, Zhao W, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Gu W (2008) Actetylation is indispensable for p53 activation. Cell 133:612–626
pubmed: 18485870
pmcid: 2914560
Niazi S, Purohit M, Niazi JH (2018) Role of p53 circuitry in tumorigenesis: a brief review. Eur J Med Chem 158:7–24
pubmed: 30199707
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2012) Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 490:61–70
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2011) Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma. Nature 474:609–615
pmcid: 3163504
Song Y, Li L, Ou Y, Gao Z, Li E, Li X et al (2014) Identification of genomic alterations in oesophageal squamous cell cancer. Nature 509:91–95
pubmed: 24670651
Souza-Santos PT, Soares Lima SC, Nicolau-Neto P, Boroni M, Meireles Da Costa N, Brewer L et al (2018) Mutations, differential gene expression, and chimeric transcripts in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma show high heterogeneity. Transl Oncol 11(6):1283–1291
pubmed: 30172240
pmcid: 6121831
Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2012) Comprehensive genomic characterization of squamous cell lung cancers. Nature 489:519–525
Pfeifer M, Fernández-Cuesta L, Sos ML, George J, Seidel D, Kasper LH et al (2012) Integrative genome analyses identify key somatic driver mutations of small-cell lung cancer. Nat Genet 44:1104–1110
https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic . COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer). Accessed Mar 2020
https://p53.iarc.fr/ . TP53 database, IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). Accessed Mar 2020
Bouaoun L, Sonkin D, Ardin M, Hollstein M, Byrnes G, Zavadil J et al (2016) TP53 variations in human cancers: new lessons from the IARC TP53 database and genomics data. Hum Mutat 7(9):865–876
Brosh R, Rotter V (2009) When mutants gain new powers: news from the mutant p53 field. Nat Rev Cancer 9:701–713
pubmed: 19693097
Terzian T, Suh YA, Iwakuma T, Post SM, Neumann M, Lang GA et al (2008) The inherent instability of mutant p53 is alleviated by Mdm2 or p16INK4a loss. Genes Dev 22:1337–1344
pubmed: 18483220
pmcid: 2377188
Frasca F, Rustighi A, Malaguarnera R, Altamura S, Vigneri P, Del Sal G et al (2006) HMGA1 inhibits the function of p53 family members in thyroid cancer cells. Cancer Res 66(6):2980–2989
pubmed: 16540646
Wang Y, Hu L, Wang J, Li X, Sahengbieke S, Wu J et al (2018) HMGA2 promotes intestinal tumorigenesis by facilitating MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53. J Pathol. 246(4):508–518
pubmed: 30175854
Puca F, Colamaio M, Federico A, Gemei M, Tosti N, Bastos AU, Del Vecchio L, Pece S, Battista S, Fusco A (2014) HMGA1 silencing restores normal stem cell characteristics in colon cancer stem cells by increasing p53 levels. Oncotarget 5(10):3234–3245
pubmed: 24833610
pmcid: 4102806
Chen X, Zeng K, Xu M, Liu X, Hu X, Xu T et al (2019) p53-induced miR-1249 inhibits tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis by targeting VEGFA and HMGA2. Cell Death Dis 10(2):131–156
pubmed: 30755600
pmcid: 6372610
He L, Zhao X, He L (2020) LINC01140 alleviates the oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory response in macrophages via suppressing miR-23b. Inflammation 43(1):66–73
pubmed: 31748847
Blume CJ, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Hüllein J, Sellner L, Jethwa A, Stolz T et al (2015) p53-dependent non-coding RNA networks in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 29(10):2015–2023
pubmed: 25971364
Tarasov V, Jung P, Verdoodt B, Lodygin D, Epanchintsev A, Menssen A et al (2007) Differential regulation of microRNAs by p53 revealed by massively parallel sequencing: miR-34a is a p53 target that induces apoptosis and G1-arrest. Cell Cycle 6(13):1586–1593
pubmed: 17554199
Dai L, Zhao T, Bisteau X, Sun W, Prabhu N, Lim YT et al (2018) Modulation of protein-interaction states through the cell cycle. Cell 173(6):1481–1494
pubmed: 29706543
Ingham M, Schwartz GK (2017) Cell-cycle therapeutics come of age. J Clin Oncol 35(25):2949–2959
pubmed: 28580868
pmcid: 6075824
Fedele M, Fusco A (2010) Role of the high mobility group A proteins in the regulation of pituitary cell cycle. J Mol Endocrinol 44(6):309–318
pubmed: 20219853
Vousden KH, Prives C (2009) Blinded by the light: the growing complexity of p53. Cell 137(3):413–431
pubmed: 19410540
El-Deiry WS, Tokino T, Velculescu VE, Levy DB, Parsons R, Trent JM et al (1993) WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75(4):817–825
pubmed: 8242752
Harper JW, Adami GR, Wei N, Keyomarsi K, Elledge SJ (1993) The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potente inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75:805–816
pubmed: 8242751
Quaas M, Müller GA, Engeland K (2012) p53 can repress transcription of cell cycle genes through a p21(WAF1/CIP1)-dependent switch from MMB to DREAM protein complex binding at CHR promoter elements. Cell Cycle 11:4661–4672
pubmed: 23187802
pmcid: 3562311
Abbas T, Dutta A (2009) p21 in cancer: intricate networks and multiple activities. Nat Rev Cancer 9:400–414
pubmed: 19440234
pmcid: 2722839
Rother K, Kirschner R, Sänger K, Böhlig L, Mössner J, Engeland K (2007) p53 downregulates expression of the G1/S cell cycle phosphatase Cdc25A. Oncogene 26(13):1949–1953
pubmed: 17001315
Rocha S, Martin AM, Meek DW, Perkins ND (2003) p53 represses cyclin D1 transcription through down regulation of Bcl-3 and inducing increased association of the p52 NF-kappaB subunit with histone deacetylase 1. Mol Cell Biol 23(13):4713–4727
pubmed: 12808109
pmcid: 164841
Gorjala P, Cairncross JG, Gary RK (2016) p53-dependent up-regulation of CDKN1A and down-regulation of CCNE2 in response to beryllium. Cell Prolif 49(6):698–709
pubmed: 27611480
pmcid: 5096984
Fischer M, Steiner L, Engeland K (2014) The transcription factor p53: not a repressor, solely an activator. Cell Cycle 13:3037–3058
pubmed: 25486564
pmcid: 4612452
Engeland K (2018) Cell cycle arrest through indirect transcriptional repression by p53: i have a DREAM. Cell Death Differ 25(1):114–132
pubmed: 29125603
Sadasivam S, DeCaprio JA (2013) The DREAM complex: master coordinator of cell cycle-dependent gene expression. Nat Rev Cancer 13(8):585–595
pubmed: 23842645
pmcid: 3986830
Rippin TM, Bykov VJ, Freund SM, Selivanova G, Wiman KG, Fersht AR (2002) Characterization of the p53-rescue drug CP-31398 in vitro and in living cells. Oncogene 21:2119–2129
pubmed: 11948395
Mannefeld M, Klassen E, Gaubatz S (2009) B-MYB is required for recovery from the DNA damage-induced G2 checkpoint in p53 mutant cells. Cancer Res 69(9):4073–4080
pubmed: 19383908
Fischer M, Quaas M, Nickel A, Engeland K (2015) Indirect p53-dependent transcriptional repression of Survivin, CDC25C, and PLK1 genes requires the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21/CDKN1A and CDE/CHR promoter sites binding the DREAM complex. Oncotarget 6(39):41402–41417
pubmed: 26595675
pmcid: 4747163
Christoffersen NR, Shalgi R, Frankel LB, Leucci E, Lees M, Klausen M et al (2010) p53-independent upregulation of miR-34a during oncogene-induced senescence represses MYC. Cell Death Differ 17(2):236–245
pubmed: 19696787
Wong MY, Yu Y, Walsh WR, Yang JL (2011) microRNA-34 family and treatment of cancers with mutant or wild-type p53. Int J Oncol 38(5):1189–1195
pubmed: 21399872
He X, He L, Hannon GJ (2007) The guardian’s little helper: microRNAs in the p53 tumor suppressor network. Cancer Res 67(23):11099–11101
pubmed: 18056431
Chang TC, Wentzel EA, Kent OA, Ramachandran K, Mullendore M, Lee KH et al (2007) Transactivation of miR-34a by p53 broadly influences gene expression and promotes apoptosis. Mol Cell 26(5):745–752
pubmed: 17540599
pmcid: 1939978
Bommer GT, Gerin I, Feng Y, Kaczorowski AJ, Kuick R, Love RE et al (2007) p53-mediated activation of miRNA34 candidate tumor-suppressor genes. Curr Biol 17(15):1298–1307
pubmed: 17656095
Hermeking H (2010) The miR-34 family in cancer and apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 17(2):193–199
pubmed: 19461653
He L, He X, Lim LP, de Stanchina E, Xuan Z, Liang Y et al (2007) A microRNA component of the p53 tumour suppressor network. Nature 447(7148):1130–1134
pubmed: 17554337
pmcid: 4590999
Slattery ML, Mullany LE, Wolff RK, Sakoda LC, Samowitz WS, Herrick JS (2019) The p53-signaling pathway and colorectal cancer: interactions between downstream p53 target genes and miRNAs. Genomics 111(4):762–771
pubmed: 29860032
Kaller M, Liffers ST, Oeljeklaus S, Kuhlmann K, Röh S, Hoffmann R et al (2011) Genome-wide characterization of miR-34a induced changes in protein and mRNA expression by a combined pulsed SILAC and microarray analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics 10(8):M111.010462
Zhu H, Dougherty U, Robinson V, Mustafi R, Pekow J, Kupfer S et al (2011) EGFR signals downregulate tumor suppressors miR-143 and miR-145 in Western diet-promoted murine colon cancer: role of G1 regulators. Mol Cancer Res 9(7):960–975
pubmed: 21653642
Lal A, Thomas MP, Altschuler G, Navarro F, O’Day E, Li XL et al (2011) Capture of microRNA-bound mRNAs identifies the tumor suppressor miR-34a as a regulator of growth factor signaling. PLoS Genet 7(11):e1002363
pubmed: 22102825
pmcid: 3213160
Welponer H, Tsibulak I, Wieser V, Degasper C, Shivalingaiah G, Wenzel S et al (2020) The miR-34 family and its clinical significance in ovarian cancer. J Cancer 11(6):1446–1456
pubmed: 32047551
pmcid: 6995379
Schmid G, Notaro S, Reimer D, Abdel-Azim S, Duggan-Peer M, Holly J et al (2016) Expression and promotor hypermethylation of miR-34a in the various histological subtypes of ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 16:102–110
pubmed: 26879132
pmcid: 4754861
Bonetti P, Climent M, Panebianco F, Tordonato C, Santoro A, Marzi MJ et al (2019) Dual role for miR-34a in the control of early progenitor proliferation and commitment in the mammary gland and in breast cancer. Oncogene 38(3):360–374
pubmed: 30093634
Park EY, Chang E, Lee EJ, Lee HW, Kang HG, Chun KH et al (2014) Targeting of miR34a-NOTCH1 axis reduced breast cancer stemness and chemoresistance. Cancer Res 74(24):7573–7582
pubmed: 25368020
Hui WT, Ma XB, Zan Y, Wang XJ, Dong L (2015) Prognostic significance of miR-34a expression in patients with gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy. Chin Med J (Engl) 128:2632–2637
Kim CH, Kim HK, Rettig RL, Kim J, Lee ET, Aprelikova O et al (2011) miRNA signature associated with outcome of gastric cancer patients following chemotherapy. BMC Med Genomics 4:79–86
pubmed: 22112324
pmcid: 3287139
Katada T, Ishiguro H, Kuwabara Y, Kimura M, Mitui A, Mori Y et al (2009) microRNA expression profile in undifferentiated gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 34:537–542
pubmed: 19148490
Zhang H, Li S, Yang J, Liu S, Gong X, Yu X (2015) The prognostic value of miR-34a expression in completely resected gastric cancer: tumor recurrence and overall survival. Int J Clin Exp Med 8:2635–2641
pubmed: 25932212
pmcid: 4402859
Ji Q, Hao X, Zhang M, Tang W, Yang M, Li L et al (2009) MicroRNA miR-34 inhibits human pancreatic cancer tumor-initiating cells. PLoS ONE 4(8):e6816
pubmed: 19714243
pmcid: 2729376
Ji Q, Hao X, Meng Y, Zhang M, Desano J, Fan D et al (2008) Restoration of tumor suppressor miR-34 inhibits human p53-mutant gastric cancer tumorspheres. BMC Cancer 8:266–278
pubmed: 18803879
pmcid: 2564978
Venkatesan N, Krishnakumar S, Deepa PR, Deepa M, Khetan V, Reddy MA (2012) Molecular deregulation induced by silencing of the high mobility group protein A2 gene in retinoblastoma cells. Mol Vis 18:2420–3247
pubmed: 23077401
pmcid: 3472926
Kooi IE, van Mil SE, MacPherson D, Mol BM, Moll AC, Meijers-Heijboer H et al (2017) Genomic landscape of retinoblastoma in Rb -/- p130 -/- mice resembles human retinoblastoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 56(3):231
pubmed: 27750399
Schuldenfrei A, Belton A, Kowalski J, Talbot CC Jr, Di Cello F, Poh W et al (2011) HMGA1 drives stem cell, inflammatory pathway, and cell cycle progression genes during lymphoid tumorigenesis. BMC Genomics 12:549–585
pubmed: 22053823
pmcid: 3245506
Xi Y, Li YS, Tang HB (2013) High mobility group A1 protein acts as a new target of Notch1 signaling and regulates cell proliferation in T leukemia cells. Mol Cell Biochem 374(1–2):173–180
pubmed: 23229232
Pegoraro S, Ros G, Ciani Y, Sgarra R, Piazza S, Manfioletti G (2015) A novel HMGA1-CCNE2-YAP axis regulates breast cancer aggressiveness. Oncotarget 6(22):19087–19101
pubmed: 26265440
pmcid: 4662477
Fu F, Wang T, Wu Z, Feng Y, Wang W, Zhou S et al (2018) HMGA1 exacerbates tumor growth through regulating the cell cycle and accelerates migration/invasion via targeting miR-221/222 in cervical cancer. Cell Death Dis 9(6):594–611
pubmed: 29789601
pmcid: 5964147
Balint K, Xiao M, Pinnix CC, Soma A, Veres I, Juhasz I et al (2005) Activation of Notch1 signaling is required for beta-catenin-mediated human primary melanoma progression. J Clin Invest 115:3166–3176
pubmed: 16239965
pmcid: 1257536
Grabher C, von Boehmer H, Look AT (2006) Notch 1 activation in the molecular pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer 6:347–359
pubmed: 16612405
Lewis BP, Shih IH, Jones-Rhoades MW, Bartel DP, Burge CB (2003) Prediction of mammalian microRNA targets. Cell 115:787–798
pubmed: 14697198
Welch C, Chen Y, Stallings RL (2007) MicroRNA-34a functions as a potential tumor suppressor by inducing apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Oncogene 26(34):5017–5022
pubmed: 17297439
Furth N, Aylon Y, Oren M (2018) p53 shades of Hippo. Cell Death Differ 25(1):81–92
pubmed: 28984872
Visone R, Russo L, Pallante P, De Martino I, Ferraro A, Leone V et al (2007) MicroRNAs (miR)-221 and miR-222, both overexpressed in human thyroid papillary carcinomas, regulate p27Kip1 protein levels and cell cycle. Endocr Relat Cancer 14(3):791–798
pubmed: 17914108
Brooks CL, Gu W (2011) The impact of acetylation and deacetylation on the p53 pathway. Protein Cell 2(6):456–462
pubmed: 21748595
pmcid: 3690542
Brochier C, Dennis G, Rivieccio MA, McLaughlin K, Coppola G, Ratan RR et al (2013) Specific acetylation of p53 by HDAC inhibition prevents DNA damage-induced apoptosis in neurons. J Neurosci 33(20):8621–8632
pubmed: 23678107
pmcid: 6618832
Ueda Y, Watanabe S, Tei S, Saitoh N, Kuratsu J, Nakao M (2007) High mobility group protein HMGA1 inhibits retinoblastoma protein-mediated cellular G0 arrest. Cancer Sci 98(12):1893–1901
pubmed: 17877762
Pierantoni GM, Battista S, Pentimalli F, Fedele M, Visone R, Federico A et al (2003) A truncated HMGA1 gene induces proliferation of the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytic cells: a model of human lipomas. Carcinogenesis 24(12):1861–1869
pubmed: 12970064
O’Donnell KA, Wentzel EA, Zeller KI, Dang CV, Mendell JT (2005) c-Myc-regulated microRNAs modulate E2F1 expression. Nature 435(7043):839–843
pubmed: 15944709
Fernandes ER, Zhang JY, Rooney RJ (1998) Adenovirus E1A-regulated transcription factor p120E4F inhibits cell growth and induces the stabilization of the cdk inhibitor p21WAF1. Mol Cell Biol 18(1):459–467
pubmed: 9418893
pmcid: 121515
Sandy P, Gostissa M, Fogal V, Cecco LD, Szalay K, Rooney RJ et al (2000) p53 is involved in the p120E4F-mediated growth arrest. Oncogene 19(2):188–199
pubmed: 10644996
Rizos H, Diefenbach E, Badhwar P, Woodruff S, Becker TM, Rooney RJ et al (2003) Association of p14ARF with the p120E4F transcriptional repressor enhances cell cycle inhibition. J Biol Chem 278(7):4981–4989
pubmed: 12446718
Leone V, Langella C, D’Angelo D, Mussnich P, Wierinckx A, Terracciano L et al (2014) Mir-23b and miR-130b expression is downregulated in pituitary adenomas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 390(1–2):1–7
pubmed: 24681352
Zhang ZC, Wang GP, Yin LM, Li M, Wu LL (2018) Increasing miR-150 and lowering HMGA2 inhibit proliferation and cycle progression of colon cancer in SW480 cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 22(20):6793–6800
pubmed: 30402842
Li S, Peng F, Ning Y, Jiang P, Peng J, Ding X et al (2020) SNHG16 as the miRNA let-7b-5p sponge facilitates the G2/M and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating CDC25B and HMGA2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 121(3):2543–2558
pubmed: 31696971
Peng H, Li H (2019) The encouraging role of long noncoding RNA small nuclear RNA host gene 16 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer via directly acting on miR-17-5p/metalloproteinases 3 axis. Mol Carcinog 58(8):1465–1480
pubmed: 31026378
Zhong JH, Xiang X, Wang YY, Liu X, Qi LN, Luo CP et al (2020) The lncRNA SNHG16 affects prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating p62 expression. J Cell Physiol 235(2):1090–1102
pubmed: 31256427
Yang M, Wei W (2019) SNHG16: a novel long-non coding RNA in human cancers. Onco Targets Ther 12:11679–11690
pubmed: 32021246
pmcid: 6942535
Mu X, Chen M, Xiao B, Yang B, Singh S, Zhang B (2019) EZH2 confers sensitivity of breast cancer cells to taxol by attenuating p21 expression epigenetically. DNA Cell Biol 38(7):651–659
pubmed: 31140859
Cimmino A, Calin GA, Fabbri M, Iorio MV, Ferracin M, Shimizu M et al (2005) miR-15 and miR-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(39):13944–13949
pubmed: 16166262
Liufu Z, Zhao Y, Guo L, Miao G, Xiao J, Lyu Y et al (2017) Redundant and incoherent regulations of multiple phenotypes suggest microRNAs’ role in stability control. Genome Res 27(10):1665–1673
pubmed: 28904014
pmcid: 5630030
Fedele M, Paciello O, De Biase D, Monaco M, Chiappetta G, Vitiello M et al (2018) HMGA2 cooperates with either p27kip1 deficiency or Cdk4R24C mutation in pituitary tumorigenesis. Cell Cycle 17(5):580–588
pubmed: 29157111
pmcid: 5969540
Taylor WR, Stark GR (2001) Regulation of the G2/M transition by p53. Oncogene 20(15):1803–1815
pubmed: 11313928
Hermeking H, Lengauer C, Polyak K, He TC, Zhang L, Thiagalingam S et al (1997) 14-3-3 sigma is a p53-regulated inhibitor of G2/M progression. Mol Cell 1:3–11
pubmed: 9659898
Zhan Q, Chen IT, Antinore MJ, Fornace AJ Jr (1998) Tumor suppressor p53 can participate in transcriptional induction of the GADD45 promoter in the absence of direct DNA binding. Mol Cell Biol 18:2768–2778
pubmed: 9566896
pmcid: 110656
Krause K, Wasner M, Reinhard W, Haugwitz U, Dohna CL, Mössner J et al (2000) The tumour suppressor protein p53 can repress transcription of cyclin B. Nucleic Acids Res 28(22):4410–4418
pubmed: 11071927
pmcid: 113869
Fischer M, Quaas M, Steiner L, Engeland K (2016) The p53-p21-DREAM-CDE/CHR pathway regulates G2/M cell cycle genes. Nucleic Acids Res 44(1):164–174
pubmed: 26384566
Innocente SA, Abrahamson JL, Cogswell JP, Lee JM (1999) p53 regulates a G2 checkpoint through cyclin B1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96(5):2147–2152
pubmed: 10051609
Taylor WR, DePrimo SE, Agarwal A, Agarwal ML, Schönthal AH, Katula KS et al (1999) Mechanisms of G2 arrest in response to overexpression of p53. Mol Biol Cell 10(11):3607–3622
pubmed: 10564259
pmcid: 25646
Taylor WR, Schonthal AH, Galante J, Stark GR (2001) p130/E2F4 binds to and represses the cdc2 promoter in response to p53. J Biol Chem 276(3):1998–2006
pubmed: 11032828
Müller GA, Engeland K (2010) The central role of CDE/CHR promoter elements in the regulation of cell cycle-dependent gene transcription. FEBS J 277(4):877–893
pubmed: 20015071
Pierantoni GM, Conte A, Rinaldo C, Tornincasa M, Gerlini R, Federico A et al (2015) Deregulation of HMGA1 expression induces chromosome instability through regulation of spindle assembly checkpoint genes. Oncotarget 6(19):17342–17353
pubmed: 26009897
pmcid: 4627312
Di Agostino S, Fedele M, Chieffi P, Fusco A, Rossi P, Geremia R et al (2004) Phosphorylation of high-mobility group protein A2 by Nek2 kinase during the first meiotic division in mouse spermatocytes. Mol Biol Cell 15(3):1224–1232
pubmed: 14668482
pmcid: 363112
Musacchio A, Salmon ED (2007) The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time. Nat Ver Mol Cell Biol 8:379–393
Rao CV, Yamada HY, Yao Y, Dai W (2009) Enhanced genomic instabilities caused by deregulated microtubule dynamics and chromosome segregation: a perspective from genetic studies in mice. Carcinogenesis 30:1469–1474
pubmed: 19372138
pmcid: 2736299
Nam HJ, Naylor RM, van Deursen JM (2015) Centrosome dynamics as a source of chromosomal instability. Trends Cell Biol 25:65–73
pubmed: 25455111
Funk LC, Zasadil LM, Weaver BA (2016) Living in CIN: mitotic infidelity and its consequences for tumor promotion and suppression. Dev Cell 39:638–652
pubmed: 27997823
pmcid: 5204306
Thompson SL, Compton DA (2010) Proliferation of aneuploid human cells is limited by a p53- dependent mechanism. J Cell Biol 188:369–381
pubmed: 20123995
pmcid: 2819684
Wolter P, Hanselmann S, Pattschull G, Schruf E, Gaubatz S (2017) Central spindle proteins and mitotic kinesins are direct transcriptional targets of MuvB, B-MYB and FOXM1 in breast cancer cell lines and are potential targets for therapy. Oncotarget 8:11160–11172
pubmed: 28061449
pmcid: 5355254
Wolter P, Schmitt K, Fackler M, Kremling H, Probst L, Hauser S et al (2012) GAS2L3, a target gene of the DREAM complex, is required for proper cytokinesis and genomic stability. J Cell Sci 125:2393–2406
pubmed: 22344256
Li C, Lin M, Liu J (2004) Identification of PRC1 as the p53 target gene uncovers a novel function of p53 in the regulation of cytokinesis. Oncogene 23:9336–9347
pubmed: 15531928
Muller S, Almouzni G (2017) Chromatin dynamics during the cell cycle at centromeres. Nat Ver Genet 18:192–208
Filipescu D, Naughtin M, Podsypanina K, Lejour V, Wilson L, Gurard-Levin ZA et al (2017) Essential role for centromeric factors following p53 loss and oncogenic transformation. Genes Dev 31:463–480
pubmed: 28356341
pmcid: 5393061
Schwartz GK, Shah MA (2005) Targeting the cell cycle: a new approach to cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 23(36):9408–9421
pubmed: 16361640
Law ME, Corsino PE, Narayan S, Law BK (2015) Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics. Mol Pharmacol 88(5):846–852
pubmed: 26018905
pmcid: 4613943
Luserna Ghelli, di Rora’ A, Iacobucci I, Martinelli G (2017) The cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of leukemias. J Hematol Oncol 10(1):77–91
Huso TH, Resar LM (2014) The high mobility group A1 molecular switch: turning on cancer—can we turn it off? Expert Opin Ther Targets 18(5):541–553
pubmed: 24684280
pmcid: 4404637
Baluna R, Vitetta ES (1997) Vascular leak syndrome: a side effect of immunotherapy. Immunopharmacology 37(2–3):117–132
Beckerbauer L, Tepe JJ, Eastman RA, Mixter PF, Williams RM, Reeves R (2002) Differential effects of FR900482 and FK317 onapoptosis, IL-2 gene expression, and induction of vascular leak syndrome. Chem Biol 9(4):427–441
pubmed: 11983332
Parisi S, Piscitelli S, Passaro F, Russo T (2020) HMGA proteins in stemness and differentiation of embryonic and adult stem cells. Int J Mol Sci 21(1):E362
Martins CP, Brown-Swigart L, Evan GI (2006) Modeling the therapeutic efficacy of p53 restoration in tumors. Cell 127:1323–1334
pubmed: 17182091
Xue W, Zender L, Miething C, Dickins RA, Hernando E, Krizhanovsky V et al (2007) Senescence and tumour clearance is triggered by p53 restoration in murine liver carcinomas. Nature 445:656–660
pubmed: 17251933
pmcid: 4601097
Ventura A, Kirsch DG, McLaughlin ME, Tuveson DA, Grimm J, Lintault L et al (2007) Restoration of p53 function leads to tumour regression in vivo. Nature 445:661–665
pubmed: 17251932
Christophorou MA, Martin-Zanca D, Soucek L, Lawlor ER, Brown-Swigart L, Verschuren EW et al (2005) Temporal dissection of p53 function in vitro and in vivo. Nat Genet 37:718–726
pubmed: 15924142
Jackson JG, Lozano G (2013) The mutant p53 mouse as a pre-clinical model. Oncogene 32:4325–4330
pubmed: 23318424
Xue C, Haber M, Flemming C, Marshall GM, Lock RB, MacKenzie KL et al (2007) p53 determines multidrug sensitivity of childhood neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 67:10351–10360
pubmed: 17974978
Kenzelmann Broz D, Attardi LD (2010) In vivo analysis of p53 tumor suppressor function using genetically engineered mouse models. Carcinogenesis 31:1311–1318
pubmed: 20097732
Wang Y, Suh YA, Fuller MY, Jackson JG, Xiong S, Terzian T et al (2011) Restoring expression of wild-type p53 suppresses tumor growth but does not cause tumor regression in mice with a p53 missense mutation. J Clin Invest 121:893–904
pubmed: 21285512
pmcid: 3049366
Bykov VJN, Eriksson SE, Bianchi J, Wiman KG (2018) Targeting mutant p53 for efficient cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 18(2):89–102
pubmed: 29242642
Duffy MJ, Synnott NC, Crown J (2017) Mutant p53 as a target for cancer treatment. Eur J Cancer 83:258–265
pubmed: 28756138
Duffy MJ, Synnott NC, McGowan PM, Crown J, O’Connor D, Gallagher WM (2014) p53 as a target for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 40(10):1153–1160
pubmed: 25455730
Levine AJ (2019) Targeting therapies for the p53 protein in cancer treatments. Annu Rev Cancer Biol 3:21–34
Joerger AC, Fersht AR (2016) The p53 pathway: origins, inactivation in cancer, and emerging therapeutic approaches. Annu Rev Biochem 85:375–404
pubmed: 27145840
Zhou X, Hao Q, Lu H (2019) Mutant p53 in cancer therapy-the barrier or the path. J Mol Cell Biol 11(4):293–305
pubmed: 30508182
Mantovani F, Walerych D, Sal GD (2017) Targeting mutant p53 in cancer: a long road to precision therapy. FEBS J 284(6):837–850
pubmed: 27808469
Lambert JM, Gorzov P, Veprintsev DB, Söderqvist M, Segerbäck D (2009) PRIMA-1 reactivates mutant p53 by covalent binding to the core domain. Cancer Cell 15(5):376–388
pubmed: 19411067
Zhang Q, Bykov VJN, Wiman KG, Zawacka-Pankau J (2018) APR-246 reactivates mutant p53 by targeting cysteines 124 and 277. Cell Death Dis. 9:439–451
pubmed: 29670092
pmcid: 5906465
Bou-Hanna C, Jarry A, Lode L, Schmitz I, Schulze-Osthoff K, Kury S et al (2015) Acute cytotoxicity of MIRA-1/NSC19630, a mutant p53-reactivating small molecule, against human normal and cancer cells via a caspase-9-dependent apoptosis. Cancer Lett 359:211–217
pubmed: 25617798
Wang T, Lee K, Rehman A, Daoud SS (2007) PRIMA-1 induces apoptosis by inhibiting JNK signaling but promoting the activation of Bax. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 352:203–212
pubmed: 17113036
Bykov VJ, Wiman KG (2014) Mutant p53 reactivation by small molecules makes its way to the clinic. FEBS Lett 588(16):2622–2627
pubmed: 24768524
Lehmann S, Bykov VJ, Ali D, Andren O, Cherif H, Tidefelt U et al (2012) Targeting p53 in vivo: a first-in-human study with p53-targeting compound APR-246 in refractory hematologic malignancies and prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 30:3633–3639
pubmed: 22965953
Prokocimer M, Molchadsky A, Rotter V (2017) Dysfunctional diversity of p53 proteins in adult acute myeloid leukemia: projections on diagnostic workup and therapy. Blood 130(6):699–712
pubmed: 28607134
pmcid: 5659817
Maiuri MC, Galluzzi L, Morselli E, Kepp O, Malik SA, Kroemer G (2010) Autophagy regulation by p53. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2:181–185
Wang X, Simon R (2013) Identification of potential synthetic lethal genes to p53 using a computational biology approach. BMC Med Genom 6:30–40
Ma CX, Cai S, Li S, Ryan CE, Guo Z, Schaiff WT et al (2012) Targeting Chk1 in p53-deficient triple-negative breast cancer is therapeutically beneficial in human-in-mouse tumor models. J Clin Investig 122(4):1541–1552
pubmed: 22446188
Baldwin A, Grueneberg DA, Hellner K, Sawyer J, Grace M, Li W et al (2010) Kinase requirements in human cells: V. Synthetic lethal interactions between p53 and the protein kinases SGK2 and PAK3. PNAS 107(28):12463–12468
Shalem O, Sanjana NE, Zhang F (2015) High-throughput functional genomics using CRISPR-Cas9. Nat Rev Genet 16(5):299–311
pubmed: 25854182
pmcid: 4503232
Leijen S, van Geel RM, Pavlick AC, Tibes R, Rosen L, Razak AR et al (2016) Phase I study evaluating WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 as monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine, cisplatin, or carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 34(36):4371–4380
pubmed: 27601554
pmcid: 7845944
Leijen S, van Geel RM, Sonke GS, de Jong D, Rosenberg EH, Marchetti S et al (2016) Phase II study of WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 plus carboplatin in patients with TP53-mutated ovarian cancer refractory or resistant to first-line therapy within 3 months. J Clin Oncol 34(36):4354–4361
pubmed: 27998224
Peng Z, Yu Q, Bao L (2008) The application of gene therapy in China. IDrugs 11(5):346–350
pubmed: 18465676