The genetics and biomechanics of thoracic aortic diseases.
aneurysm
aorta
biomechanic
dissection
thoracic aorta
Journal
Vascular biology (Bristol, England)
ISSN: 2516-5658
Titre abrégé: Vasc Biol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101763329
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2019
2019
Historique:
received:
19
09
2019
accepted:
15
10
2019
entrez:
14
9
2020
pubmed:
15
9
2020
medline:
15
9
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections (TAAD) are highly fatal emergencies within cardiothoracic surgery. With increasing age, thoracic aneurysms become more prevalent and pose an even greater threat when they develop into aortic dissections. Both diseases are multifactorial and are influenced by a multitude of physiological and biomechanical processes. Structural stability of aorta can be disrupted by genes, such as those for extracellular matrix and contractile protein, as well as telomere dysfunction, which leads to senescence of smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Biomechanical changes such as increased luminal pressure imposed by hypertension are also very prevalent and lead to structural instability. Furthermore, ageing is associated with a pro-inflammatory state that exacerbates degeneration of vessel wall, facilitating the development of both aortic aneurysms and aortic dissection. This literature review provides an overview of the aetiology and pathophysiology of both thoracic aneurysms and aortic dissections. With an improved understanding, new therapeutic targets may eventually be identified to facilitate treatment and prevention of these diseases.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32923967
doi: 10.1530/VB-19-0027
pii: VB-19-0027
pmc: PMC7439919
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
R13-R25Informations de copyright
© 2019 The authors.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of this review.
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