Strength in Diversity: Nuclear Export of Viral RNAs.
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
/ physiology
Cell Nucleus
/ virology
Cytoplasm
/ metabolism
DNA Viruses
/ physiology
Humans
Karyopherins
/ metabolism
Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins
/ metabolism
RNA Transport
RNA, Messenger
RNA, Viral
/ genetics
Retroviridae
/ physiology
Viral Proteins
/ metabolism
nucleus
viral RNA nuclear export
viral ribonucleoprotein complexes
virus
Journal
Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
Titre abrégé: Viruses
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101509722
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 09 2020
11 09 2020
Historique:
received:
31
07
2020
revised:
03
09
2020
accepted:
09
09
2020
entrez:
16
9
2020
pubmed:
17
9
2020
medline:
3
3
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The nuclear export of cellular mRNAs is a complex process that requires the orchestrated participation of many proteins that are recruited during the early steps of mRNA synthesis and processing. This strategy allows the cell to guarantee the conformity of the messengers accessing the cytoplasm and the translation machinery. Most transcripts are exported by the exportin dimer Nuclear RNA export factor 1 (NXF1)-NTF2-related export protein 1 (NXT1) and the transcription-export complex 1 (TREX1). Some mRNAs that do not possess all the common messenger characteristics use either variants of the NXF1-NXT1 pathway or CRM1, a different exportin. Viruses whose mRNAs are synthesized in the nucleus (retroviruses, the vast majority of DNA viruses, and influenza viruses) exploit both these cellular export pathways. Viral mRNAs hijack the cellular export machinery via complex secondary structures recognized by cellular export factors and/or viral adapter proteins. This way, the viral transcripts succeed in escaping the host surveillance system and are efficiently exported for translation, allowing the infectious cycle to proceed. This review gives an overview of the cellular mRNA nuclear export mechanisms and presents detailed insights into the most important strategies that viruses use to export the different forms of their RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32932882
pii: v12091014
doi: 10.3390/v12091014
pmc: PMC7551171
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Karyopherins
0
Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins
0
RNA, Messenger
0
RNA, Viral
0
Viral Proteins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
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