Point-of-care echocardiography for the evaluation of right-to-left cardiopulmonary shunts: a narrative review.
L’échocardiographie au chevet pour évaluer les shunts cardiopulmonaires de droite à-gauche : un compte rendu narratif.
bubble study
echocardiography
patent foramen ovale
point-of-care ultrasound
pulmonary arterio-venous malformation
Journal
Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie
ISSN: 1496-8975
Titre abrégé: Can J Anaesth
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8701709
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2020
Dec 2020
Historique:
received:
26
02
2020
accepted:
10
06
2020
revised:
10
06
2020
pubmed:
19
9
2020
medline:
24
4
2021
entrez:
18
9
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Right-to-left pulmonary and cardiac shunts (RLS) are important causes of refractory hypoxia in the critically-ill perioperative patient. Using a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) agitated saline bubble study for an early diagnosis allows patients with clinically significant RLSs to receive expedited therapy. This narrative review discusses the principles of agitated saline ultrasonography as well as the role of POCUS in detecting the most common RLS types seen in the intensive care unit, including patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defects, and pulmonary arterio-venous malformations. An illustrated discussion of the procedure, as well as shunt-enhancing maneuvers (Valsalva or lung recruitment maneuver with subsequent rapid release) is provided. With the wide dissemination of bedside ultrasound within the perioperative and critical care arena, POCUS practitioners should be knowledgeable of the potential pitfalls leading to both false-positive and false-negative studies. False-positive studies may be due to congenital abnormalities, mischaracterization of intrapulmonary shunts as intracardiac shunts (and vice versa), or evidence of the Valsalva effect. False negatives are typically due to respiratory-phasic variation, performing an inadequate shunt-enhancing maneuver, inadequate injection of agitated saline, or pathophysiologic states of elevated left atrial pressure. Finally, alternative POCUS methods for determining presence of an RLS in patients with poor echocardiographic windows are discussed, with a focus on pulsed-wave Doppler interrogation of arterial signals. RéSUMé: Les shunts pulmonaires et cardiaques de droite à-gauche sont d’importantes causes d’hypoxie réfractaire chez le patient périopératoire en état critique. En réalisant un test aux bulles sous échographie au chevet, un diagnostic rapide de shunt de droite à-gauche peut être posé, favorisant le traitement rapide des patients présentant un shunt de droite à-gauche significatif d’un point de vue clinique. Ce compte rendu narratif présente les principes de l’échographie avec test aux bulles ainsi que le rôle de l’échographie au chevet pour détecter les types les plus répandus de shunts de droite à-gauche à l’unité de soins intensifs, notamment les communications interauriculaires, les foramens ovales perméables et les malformations artérioveineuses pulmonaires. Nous présentons également une discussion illustrée de l’intervention, ainsi que des manœuvres augmentant le shunt (manœuvre de Valsalva ou de recrutement pulmonaire avec cessation rapide subséquente). Étant donné l’utilisation répandue de l’échographie dans le domaine des soins périopératoires et critiques, les praticiens de l’échographie au chevet devraient être conscients des écueils potentiels menant à des résultats faux positifs ou faux négatifs. Les résultats faux positifs peuvent être dus à des anomalies congénitales, à la caractérisation erronée de shunts intrapulmonaires en tant que shunts intracardiaques (et vice versa) ou à l’efficacité de l’effet Valsalva. Les résultats faux négatifs sont fréquemment dus à des variations des phases respiratoires, à la réalisation d’une manœuvre inadéquate d’amélioration du shunt, à l’injection inadéquate de solution saline agitée, ou à des états physiopathologiques de pression auriculaire gauche élevée. Enfin, les méthodes alternatives d’échographie au chevet visant à déterminer la présence d’un shunt de droite à-gauche chez les patients présentant des fenêtres échocardiographiques sous-optimales sont discutées, avec une emphase sur l’interrogation des signaux artériels par Doppler pulsé.
Autres résumés
Type: Publisher
(fre)
RéSUMé: Les shunts pulmonaires et cardiaques de droite à-gauche sont d’importantes causes d’hypoxie réfractaire chez le patient périopératoire en état critique. En réalisant un test aux bulles sous échographie au chevet, un diagnostic rapide de shunt de droite à-gauche peut être posé, favorisant le traitement rapide des patients présentant un shunt de droite à-gauche significatif d’un point de vue clinique. Ce compte rendu narratif présente les principes de l’échographie avec test aux bulles ainsi que le rôle de l’échographie au chevet pour détecter les types les plus répandus de shunts de droite à-gauche à l’unité de soins intensifs, notamment les communications interauriculaires, les foramens ovales perméables et les malformations artérioveineuses pulmonaires. Nous présentons également une discussion illustrée de l’intervention, ainsi que des manœuvres augmentant le shunt (manœuvre de Valsalva ou de recrutement pulmonaire avec cessation rapide subséquente). Étant donné l’utilisation répandue de l’échographie dans le domaine des soins périopératoires et critiques, les praticiens de l’échographie au chevet devraient être conscients des écueils potentiels menant à des résultats faux positifs ou faux négatifs. Les résultats faux positifs peuvent être dus à des anomalies congénitales, à la caractérisation erronée de shunts intrapulmonaires en tant que shunts intracardiaques (et vice versa) ou à l’efficacité de l’effet Valsalva. Les résultats faux négatifs sont fréquemment dus à des variations des phases respiratoires, à la réalisation d’une manœuvre inadéquate d’amélioration du shunt, à l’injection inadéquate de solution saline agitée, ou à des états physiopathologiques de pression auriculaire gauche élevée. Enfin, les méthodes alternatives d’échographie au chevet visant à déterminer la présence d’un shunt de droite à-gauche chez les patients présentant des fenêtres échocardiographiques sous-optimales sont discutées, avec une emphase sur l’interrogation des signaux artériels par Doppler pulsé.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32944839
doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01813-2
pii: 10.1007/s12630-020-01813-2
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
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