The global burden of chronic urticaria for the patient and society.
Journal
The British journal of dermatology
ISSN: 1365-2133
Titre abrégé: Br J Dermatol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0004041
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 2021
02 2021
Historique:
accepted:
15
09
2020
pubmed:
22
9
2020
medline:
15
5
2021
entrez:
21
9
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Chronic urticaria (CU) affects about 1% of the world population of all ages, mostly young and middle-aged women. It usually lasts for several years (> 1 year in 25-75% of patients) and often takes > 1 year before effective management is implemented. It presents as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) or both in the same person. More than 25% of cases are resistant to H
Substances chimiques
Omalizumab
2P471X1Z11
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
226-236Informations de copyright
© 2020 British Association of Dermatologists.
Références
Zuberbier T, Aberer W, Asero R et al. The EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis and management of urticaria. The 2017 revision and update. Allergy 2018; 73:1393-414.
Schoepke N, Asero R, Ellrich A et al. Biomarkers and clinical characteristics of autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria (aiCSU): results of the PURIST Study. Allergy 2019; 74:2427-36.
Kolkhir P, Church MK, Altrichter S et al. Eosinopenia in chronic spontaneous urticaria is associated with high disease activity, autoimmunity, and poor response to treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020; 8:318-25.
Fricke J, Lau S, Ávila G et al. Prevalence of chronic urticaria in children and adults across the globe: systematic review with meta-analysis. Allergy 2020; 75:423-32.
Guillén-Aguinaga S, Jáuregui Presa I, Aguinaga-Ontoso E et al. Updosing nonsedating antihistamines in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review and. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1153-65.
Lewis Y, Finlay A. 10 years experience of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2004; 9:169-80.
Balp MM, Khalil S, Tian H et al. Burden of chronic urticaria relative to psoriasis in five European countries. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:282-90.
Grob J, Revuz J, Ortonne J et al. Comparative study of the impact of chronic urticaria, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis on the quality of life. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:289-95.
Baiardini I, Giardini A, Pasquali M et al. Quality of life and patients’ satisfaction in chronic urticaria and respiratory allergy. Allergy 2003; 58:621-3.
O’Donnell B, Lawlor F, Simpson J et al. The impact of chronic urticaria on the quality of life. Br J Dermatol 1997; 136:197-201.
Itakura A, Tani Y, Kaneko N, Hide M. Impact of chronic urticaria on quality of life and work in Japan: results of a real-world study. J Dermatol 2018; 45:963-70.
Maurer M, Abuzakouk M, Bérard F et al. The burden of chronic spontaneous urticaria is substantial: real-world evidence from ASSURE-CSU. Allergy 2017; 72:2005-16.
Thomsen SF, Pritzier EC, Anderson CD et al. Chronic urticaria in the real-life clinical practice setting in Sweden, Norway and Denmark: baseline results from the non-interventional multicentre AWARE study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:1048-55.
Weller K, Maurer M, Grattan C et al. ASSURE-CSU: a real-world study of burden of disease in patients with symptomatic chronic spontaneous urticaria. Clin Transl Allergy 2015; 5:29.
Balp M-M, Lopes da Silva N, Vietri J et al. The burden of chronic urticaria from Brazilian patients’ perspective. Dermatol Ther 2017; 7:535-45.
Lee N, Lee JD, Lee HY et al. Epidemiology of chronic urticaria in Korea using the Korean Health Insurance Database, 2010-2014. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2017; 9:438-45.
Lapi F, Cassano N, Pegoraro V et al. Epidemiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria: results from a nationwide, population-based study in Italy. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:996-1004.
Maurer M, Staubach P, Raap U et al. ATTENTUS, a German online survey of patients with chronic urticaria highlighting the burden of disease, unmet needs and real-life clinical practice. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:892-4.
Maurer M, Houghton K, Costa C et al. Differences in chronic spontaneous urticaria between Europe and Central/South America: results of the multi-center real world AWARE study. World Allergy Organ J 2018; 11:23.
Costa C, Rosmaninho I, Guilherme A et al. Chronic urticaria in the real-life clinical practice setting in Portugal: baseline results from the non-interventional multicentre AWARE study. Acta Med Port 2019; 32:133-40.
Guillet G, Bécherel P-A, Pralong P et al. The burden of chronic urticaria: French baseline data from the international real-life AWARE study. Eur J Dermatol 2019; 29:49-54.
Balp M, Weller K, Carboni V et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of chronic spontaneous urticaria in pediatric patients. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:630-6.
Caffarelli C, Paravati F, El Hachem M et al. Management of chronic urticaria in children: a clinical guideline. Ital J Pediat 2019; 45:101.
Magen E, Mishal J, Schlesinger M. Clinical and laboratory features of chronic idiopathic urticaria in the elderly. Int J Dermatol 2013; 52:1387-91.
Curto-Barredo L, Pujol RM, Roura-Vives G, Giménez-Arnau A. Chronic urticaria phenotypes: clinical differences regarding triggers, activity, prognosis and therapeutic response. Eur J Dermatol 2019; 29:627-35.
Sussman G, Abuzakouk M, Canonica W et al. Angioedema in chronic spontaneous urticaria is underdiagnosed and has a substantial impact: analyses from ASSURE-CSU. Allergy 2018; 73:1724-34.
Maurer M, Weller K, Bindslev-Jensen C et al. Unmet clinical needs in chronic spontaneous urticaria. A GA2LEN task force report. Allergy 2011; 66:317-30.
Magerl M, Altrichter S, Borzova E et al. The definition, diagnostic testing and management of chronic inducible urticarias - update and revision of the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/UNEV 2009 consensus panel recommendations. Allergy 2016; 71:780-802.
Silpa-archa N, Kulthanan K, Pinkaew S. Physical urticaria: prevalence, type and natural course in a tropical country. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25:1194-9.
Humphreys F, Hunter JAA. The characteristics of urticaria in 390 patients. Br J Dermatol 1998; 138:635-8.
Netchiporouk E, Sasseville D, Moreau L et al. Evaluating comorbidities, natural history, and predictors of early resolution in a cohort of children with chronic urticaria. JAMA Dermatol 2017; 153:1236-42.
Davis MDP, Van Der Hilst JCH. Mimickers of urticaria: urticarial vasculitis and autoinflammatory diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018; 6:1162-70.
Hoskin B, Ortiz B, Paknis B, Kavati A. Exploring the real-world profile of refractory and non-refractory chronic idiopathic urticaria in the USA: clinical burden and healthcare resource use. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:1387-95.
Tanaka T, Hiragun M, Hide M, Hiragun T. Analysis of primary treatment and prognosis of spontaneous urticaria. Allergol Int 2017; 66:458-62.
Ferrer M, Bartra J, Giménez-Arnau A et al. Management of urticaria: not too complicated, not too simple. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:731-43.
Cappuccio A, Limonta T, Parodi A et al. Living with chronic spontaneous urticaria in Italy: a narrative medicine project to improve the pathway of patient care. Acta Derm Venereol 2017; 97:81-5.
Williams PV, Kavati A, Pilon D et al. Treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization, and spending among Medicaid-enrolled children with chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria in the United States. Dermatol Ther 2018; 8:69-83.
Maurer M, Raap U, Staubach P et al. Antihistamine-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria: 1-year data from the AWARE study. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:655-62.
Eun S, Lee J, Kim D, Yoon H. Natural course of new-onset urticaria: results of a 10-year follow-up, nationwide, population-based study. Allergol Int 2019; 68:52-8.
Kozel M, Mekkes J, Bossuyt P, Bos J. Natural course of physical and chronic urticaria and angioedema in 220 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 45:387-91.
van der Valk P, Moret G, Kiemeney L. The natural history of chronic urticaria and angioedema in patients visiting a tertiary referral centre. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146:110-3.
Hiragun M, Hiragun T, Mihara S et al. Prognosis of chronic spontaneous urticaria in 117 patients not controlled by a standard dose of antihistamine. Allergy 2013; 68:229-35.
Curto-Barredo L, Riba-Archila L, Roura-Vives G et al. Clinical features of chronic spontaneous urticaria that predict disease prognosis and refractoriness to standard treatment. Acta Derm Venerol 2018; 98:641-7.
Folci M, Heffler E, Canonica GW et al. Cutting edge: biomarkers for chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5615109.
Kulthanan K, Jiamton S, Thumpimukvatana N, Pinkaew S. Chronic idiopathic urticaria: prevalence and clinical course. J Dermatol 2007; 34:294-301.
Kim J, Har D, Brown L, Khan D. Recurrence of chronic urticaria: incidence and associated factors. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018; 6:582-5.
Kolkhir P, Altrichter P, Hawro T, Maurer M. C-reactive protein is linked to disease activity, impact, and response to treatment in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Allergy 2018; 73:940-8.
Pérez-Ferriols A, Barnadas M, Gardeazábal J et al. Solar urticaria: epidemiology and clinical phenotypes in a Spanish series of 224 patients. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2017; 108:132-9.
Deza G, Brasileiro A, Bertol M et al. Acquired cold urticaria: clinical features, particular phenotypes, and disease course in a tertiary care center cohort. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75:25-9.
Chansakulporn S, Pongpreuksa S, Sangacharoenkit P et al. The natural history of chronic urticaria in childhood: a prospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:663-8.
Toubi E, Kessel A, Avshovich N et al. Clinical and laboratory parameters in predicting chronic urticaria duration: a prospective study of 139 patients. Allergy 2004; 59:869-73.
Vestergaard C, Toubi E, Maurer M et al. Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria with an inadequate response to H1-antihistamines: an expert opinion. Eur J Dermatol 2017; 27:10-9.
Staevska M, Popov TA, Kralimarkova T et al. The effectiveness of levocetirizine and desloratadine in up to 4 times conventional doses in difficult-to-treat urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:676-82.
Giménez-Arnau A, Izquierdo I, Maurer M. The use of a responder analysis to identify clinically meaningful differences in chronic urticaria patients following placebo-controlled treatment with rupatadine 10 and 20 mg. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:1088-91.
Marín-Cabañas I, Berbegal-de Gracia L, León-Marrero F et al. Management of chronic spontaneous urticaria in routine clinical practice following the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO Guidelines. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2017; 108:346-53.
Weller K, Sussman G, Maurer M. Total IgE levels are linked to the response of chronic spontaneous urticaria patients to omalizumab. Allergy 2018; 73:2406-8.
Cugno M, Asero R. Elevated IgE to tissue factor and thyroglobulin are abated by omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Allergy 2018; 73:2408-11.
Maurer M, Altrichter S, Bieber T et al. Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with chronic urticaria who exhibit IgE against thyroperoxidase. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:202-9.
Kulthanan K, Chaweekulrat P, Komoltri C et al. Cyclosporine for chronic spontaneous urticaria: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017; 6:586-99.
Santiago L, Ferreira B, Ramos L, Gonçalo M. IgE levels are negatively correlated with clinical response to ciclosporin in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:199-200.
Ben-Shoshan M, Grattan C. Management of pediatric urticaria with review of the literature on chronic spontaneous urticaria in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018; 6:1152-61.
Staubach P, Peveling-Oberhag A, Lang BM et al. Severe chronic spontaneous urticaria in children - treatment options according to the guidelines and beyond - a 10 years review. J Dermatolog Treat 2020; doi: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1782326.
Powell R, Leech S, Till S et al. BSACI guideline for the management of chronic urticaria and angioedema. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:547-65.
Maurer M, Staubach P, Raap U et al. H1-antihistamine-refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria: it’s worse than we thought - first results of the multicenter real-life AWARE study. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:684-93.
Magen E, Mishal J, Zeldin Y, Schlesinger M. Clinical and laboratory features of antihistamine-resistant chronic idiopathic urticaria. Allergy Asthma Proc 2011; 32:460-6.
Hofman ZLM, van West N, Hack CE et al. High occurrence of antihistamine resistance in patients with recurrent idiopathic angioedema. Clin Transl Allergy 2019; 9:35.
Weller K, Siebenhaar F, Hawro T et al. Clinical measures of chronic urticaria. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2017; 37:35-49.
Maurer M, Rosen K, Hsieh H et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:924-35.
Saini SS, Bindslev-jensen C, Maurer M et al. Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria who remain symptomatic on H1 antihistamines: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:67-75.
Maurer M, Ortonne JP, Zuberbier T. Chronic urticaria: an internet survey of health behaviours, symptom patterns and treatment needs in European adult patients. Br J Dermatol 2009; 160:633-41.
Staubach P, Metz M, Chapman-Rothe N et al. Omalizumab rapidly improves angioedema-related quality of life in adult patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: X-ACT study data. Allergy 2018; 73:576-84.
Baiardini I, Pasquali M, Braido F et al. A new tool to evaluate the impact of chronic urticaria on quality of life: Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-QoL). Allergy 2005; 60:1073-8.
Mann C, Dreher M, Weess H-G, Staubach P. Sleep disturbance in patients with urticaria and atopic dermatitis: an underestimated burden. Acta Derm Venerol 2020; 100:adv00073.
Ertaş R, Erol K, Hawro T et al. Sexual functioning is frequently and markedly impaired in female patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020; 8:1074-82.
Koti I, Weller K, Makris M et al. Disease activity only moderately correlates with quality of life impairment in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Dermatology 2013; 226:371-9.
Weller K, Church M, Kalogeromitros D et al. Chronic spontaneous urticaria: how to assess quality of life in patients receiving treatment. Arch Dermatol 2011; 147:1221-3.
Mlynek A, Zalewska-Janowska A, Martus P et al. How to assess disease activity in patients with chronic urticaria? Allergy 2008; 63:777-80.
Maurer M, Ortonne J-P, Zuberbier T. Chronic urticaria: a patient survey on quality-of-life, treatment usage and doctor - patient relation. Allergy 2009; 64:581-8.
Mlynek A, Magerl M, Hanna M et al. The German version of the Chronic Urticaria Quality-of-Life questionnaire: factor analysis, validation, and initial clinical findings. Allergy 2009; 64:927-36.
Engin B, Uguz F, Yilmaz E et al. The levels of depression, anxiety and quality of life in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:36-40.
Ozkan M, Oflaz S, Kocaman N et al. Psychiatric morbidity and quality of life in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007; 99:29-33.
Picardi A, Abeni D, Melchi CF, Pasquini P. Psychiatric morbidity in dermatological outpatients: an issue to be recognized. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143:983-91.
Staubach P, Dechene M, Vonend A et al. Quality of life in patients with chronic urticaria is differentially impaired and determined by psychiatric comorbidity. Br J Dermatol 2006; 154:294-8.
Uguz F, Engin B, Yilmaz E. Quality of life in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria: the impact of axis I and axis II psychiatric disorders. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2008; 30:453-7.
Poon E, Seed PT, Greaves MW. The extent and nature of disability in different urticarial conditions. Br J Dermatol 1999; 140:667-71.
Grob J, Gaudy-Marqueste C. Urticaria and quality of life. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2006; 30:47-51.
Popov TA, Church MK, Christoff G, Maurer M. Angioedema and prescribing of omalizumab for chronic urticaria in countries with limited financial resources. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100079.
Maurer M, Sofen H, Ortiz B et al. Positive impact of omalizumab on angioedema and quality of life in patients with refractory chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria: analyses according to the presence or absence of angioedema. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 31:1056-63.
Baiardini I, Fasola S, Maurer M et al. Minimal important difference of the Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL). Allergy 2019; 74:2542-4.
Kulthanan K, Chularojanamontri L, Tuchinda P et al. Minimal clinical important difference (MCID) of the Thai Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL). Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2016; 34:137-45.
Ferreira PL, Gonçalo M, Ferreira JA et al. Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL). Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019; 17:190.
Kulthanan K, Chularojanamontri L, Rujitharanawong C et al. Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE-QoL) - interpretability and sensitivity to change. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019; 17:160.
Weller K, Groffik A, Magerl M et al. Development and construct validation of the angioedema quality of life questionnaire. Allergy 2012; 67:1289-98.
Weller K, Magerl M, Martus P et al. The Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE-QoL) - assessment of sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference. Allergy 2016; 71:1203-9.
Ruft J, Asady A, Staubach P et al. Development and validation of the Cholinergic Urticaria Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (CholU-QoL). Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:433-44.
Weller K, Groffik A, Church MK et al. Development and validation of the Urticaria Control Test: a patient-reported outcome instrument for assessing urticaria control. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1365-72.
Weller K, Donoso T, Magerl M et al. Development of the Angioedema Control Test - a patient-reported outcome measure that assesses disease control in patients with recurrent angioedema. Allergy 2020; 75:1165-77.
Weller K, Donoso T, Magerl M et al. Validation of the Angioedema Control Test (AECT) - a patient reported outcome instrument for assessing angioedema control. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020; 8:2050-7.
Kulthanan K, Chularojanamontri L, Tuchinda P et al. Validity, reliability and interpretability of the Thai version of the urticaria control test (UCT). Health Qual Life Outcomes 2016; 14:61.
Ohanyan T, Schoepke N, Bolukbasi B et al. Responsiveness and minimal important difference of the urticaria control test. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1710-3.
Murota H, Kitaba S, Tani M et al. Impact of sedative and non-sedative antihistamines on the impaired productivity and quality of life in patients with pruritic skin diseases. Allergol Int 2010; 59:345-54.
Ferrer M. Epidemiology, Healthcare, resources, use and clinical features of different types of urticaria. Alergológica 2005. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2009; 19:21-6.
Kolkhir P, Borzova E, Grattan C et al. Autoimmune comorbidity in chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:1196-208.
Kolkhir P, Metz M, Altrichter S, Maurer M. Comorbidity of chronic spontaneous urticaria and autoimmune thyroid diseases: a systematic review. Allergy 2017; 72:1440-60.
Kolkhir P, Pogorelov D, Olisova O, Maurer M. Comorbidity and pathogenic links of chronic spontaneous urticaria and systemic lupus erythematosus - a systematic review. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:275-87.
Lacour J-P, Khemis A, Giordano-Labardie F et al. The burden of chronic spontaneous urticaria: unsatisfactory treatment and healthcare resource utilization in France (the ASSURE-CSU study). Eur J Dermatol 2018; 28:795-802.
Shalom G, Magen E, Babaev M et al. Chronic urticaria and the metabolic syndrome : a cross-sectional community-based study of 11 261 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:276-81.
Vena G, Cassano N. The link between chronic spontaneous urticaria and metabolic syndrome. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 49:208-12.
Konstantinou GN, Konstantinou GN. Psychiatric comorbidity in chronic urticaria patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Allergy 2019; 9:42.
Tat T. Higher levels of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic urticaria. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:115-20.
Filiza S, Kutlukb MG, Uygunc DFK. Headache deteriorates the quality of life in children with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:254-9.
Aitella E, De Bartolomeis F, Savoia A et al. The overlap syndrome of urticaria and gastroesophageal reflux disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207602.
Kolkhir P, Balakirski G, Merk HF et al. Chronic spontaneous urticaria and internal parasites - a systematic review. Allergy 2016; 71:308-22.
Dreyfus D. Serological evidence that activation of ubiquitous human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) plays a role in chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria (CIU). Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 183:230-8.
Imbalzano E, Casciaro M, Quartuccio S et al. Association between urticaria and virus infections: a systematic review. Allergy Asthma Proc 2016; 37:18-22.
Larenas-Linnemann D, Saini SS, Azamar-Jacome A et al. Very rarely chronic urticaria can be caused by cancer and if so, resolves with its cure. Allergy 2018; 73:1925-6.
Yvin E, Delaunay J, Lozac’h P et al. Chronic superficial urticaria associated with solid cancers: case report and literature review. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019; 146:377-81.
Kulthanan K, Chusakul S, Recto MT et al. Economic burden of the inadequate management of allergic rhinitis and urticaria in Asian countries based on the GA2LEN model. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2018; 10:370-8.
Williams P, Kavati A, Pilon D et al. Health care burden and treatment patterns in commercially insured children with chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria: a real-world study in the United States. Allergy Asthma Proc 2018; 39:201-11.
Kanters T, Thio H, Hakkaart-van Roijen L. Cost-effectiveness of omalizumab for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:702-8.
Savic S, Marsland A, McKay D et al. Retrospective case note review of chronic spontaneous urticaria outcomes and adverse effects in patients treated with omalizumab or ciclosporin in UK secondary care. Allergy Asthma Clin Immun 2015; 11:21.
Alqassimi S, Albrashdi S, Galadari H, Hashim MJ. Global burden of psoriasis - comparison of regional and global epidemiology, 1990 to 2017. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:566-71.
Jungen D, Augustin M, Langenbruch A et al. Cost-of-illness of psoriasis - results of a German cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:174-80.
Zink A, Arents B, Fink-Wagner A et al. Out-of-pocket costs for individuals with atopic eczema: a cross- sectional study in nine European countries. Acta Derm Venereol 2019; 99:263-7.
Maurer M, Metz M, Bousquet J et al. Definition, aims, and implementation of GA2LEN Urticaria Centers of Reference and Excellence. Allergy 2016; 71:1210-8.
Weller K, Giménez-Arnau A, Grattan C et al. The Chronic Urticaria Registry (CURE): rationale, methods, and initial implementation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; doi: 10.1111/jdv.16947.
Hawro T, Ohanyan T, Schoepke N et al. Comparison and interpretability of the available urticaria activity scores. Allergy 2018; 73:251-5.
Weller K, Zuberbier T, Maurer M. Chronic urticaria: tools to aid the diagnosis and assessment of disease status in daily practice. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29:38-44.