Estimated surge in hospital and intensive care admission because of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada: a mathematical modelling study.


Journal

CMAJ open
ISSN: 2291-0026
Titre abrégé: CMAJ Open
Pays: Canada
ID NLM: 101620603

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Historique:
entrez: 23 9 2020
pubmed: 24 9 2020
medline: 24 9 2020
Statut: epublish

Résumé

In pandemics, local hospitals need to anticipate a surge in health care needs. We examined the modelled surge because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that was used to inform the early hospital-level response against cases as they transpired. To estimate hospital-level surge in March and April 2020, we simulated a range of scenarios of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada, using the best available data at the time. We applied outputs to hospital-specific data to estimate surge over 6 weeks at 2 hospitals (St. Michael's Hospital and St. Joseph's Health Centre). We examined multiple scenarios, wherein the default (R For the hospitals to remain below non-ICU bed capacity, the default pessimistic scenario required a reduction in non-COVID-19 inpatient care by 38% and 28%, respectively, with St. Michael's Hospital requiring 40 new ICU beds and St. Joseph's Health Centre reducing its ICU beds for non-COVID-19 care by 6%. The absolute difference between default-projected and observed census of inpatients with COVID-19 at each hospital was less than 20 from Mar. 25 to Apr. 11; projected and observed cases diverged widely thereafter. Uncertainty in local epidemiological features was more influential than uncertainty in clinical severity. Scenario-based analyses were reliable in estimating short-term cases, but would require frequent re-analyses. Distribution of the city's surge was expected to vary across hospitals, and community-level strategies were key to mitigating each hospital's surge.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
In pandemics, local hospitals need to anticipate a surge in health care needs. We examined the modelled surge because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that was used to inform the early hospital-level response against cases as they transpired.
METHODS
To estimate hospital-level surge in March and April 2020, we simulated a range of scenarios of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada, using the best available data at the time. We applied outputs to hospital-specific data to estimate surge over 6 weeks at 2 hospitals (St. Michael's Hospital and St. Joseph's Health Centre). We examined multiple scenarios, wherein the default (R
RESULTS
For the hospitals to remain below non-ICU bed capacity, the default pessimistic scenario required a reduction in non-COVID-19 inpatient care by 38% and 28%, respectively, with St. Michael's Hospital requiring 40 new ICU beds and St. Joseph's Health Centre reducing its ICU beds for non-COVID-19 care by 6%. The absolute difference between default-projected and observed census of inpatients with COVID-19 at each hospital was less than 20 from Mar. 25 to Apr. 11; projected and observed cases diverged widely thereafter. Uncertainty in local epidemiological features was more influential than uncertainty in clinical severity.
INTERPRETATION
Scenario-based analyses were reliable in estimating short-term cases, but would require frequent re-analyses. Distribution of the city's surge was expected to vary across hospitals, and community-level strategies were key to mitigating each hospital's surge.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32963024
pii: 8/3/E593
doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20200093
pmc: PMC7641231
doi:

Types de publication

Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Pagination

E593-E604

Informations de copyright

Copyright 2020, Joule Inc. or its licensors.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Competing interests: Eric Coomes is the co–principal investigator on a randomized controlled trial of chemoprophylaxis for COVID-19. This trial is funded by the Toronto COVID-19 Action Initiative and Thistledown Foundation. No other competing interests were declared.

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Auteurs

Sharmistha Mishra (S)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont. sharmistha.mishra@utoronto.ca.

Linwei Wang (L)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Huiting Ma (H)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Kristy C Y Yiu (KCY)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

J Michael Paterson (JM)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Eliane Kim (E)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Michael J Schull (MJ)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Victoria Pequegnat (V)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Anthea Lee (A)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Lisa Ishiguro (L)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Eric Coomes (E)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Adrienne Chan (A)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Mark Downing (M)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

David Landsman (D)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Sharon Straus (S)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

Matthew Muller (M)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (Mishra, Coomes, Chan, Muller); MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Mishra, Wang, Ma, Yiu, Landsman), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Paterson, Schull), University of Toronto; ICES (Paterson, Kim, Schull, Ishiguro); Decision Support (Pequegnat, Lee), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Infectious Diseases (Chan), Sunnybrook Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Downing), St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto; Department of Medicine (Straus), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Infection Prevention and Control (Muller), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.

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