The Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus Plays a Significant Role in Locomotor Recovery after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.
Animals
Axons
Axotomy
Biomechanical Phenomena
Female
Forelimb
/ physiopathology
Hindlimb
/ physiopathology
Locomotion
Nerve Fibers
Nerve Regeneration
Neuronal Plasticity
Rats
Rats, Inbred Lew
Recovery of Function
Reticular Formation
/ physiopathology
Spinal Cord Injuries
/ physiopathology
Swimming
Walking
motor recovery
plasticity
regeneration
reticulospinal tract
spinal cord injury
sprouting
Journal
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
ISSN: 1529-2401
Titre abrégé: J Neurosci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8102140
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
21 10 2020
21 10 2020
Historique:
received:
26
02
2020
revised:
14
09
2020
accepted:
18
09
2020
pubmed:
27
9
2020
medline:
2
2
2021
entrez:
26
9
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Traditionally, the brainstem has been seen as hardwired and poorly capable of plastic adaptations following spinal cord injury (SCI). Data acquired over the past decades, however, suggest differently: following SCI in various animal models (lamprey, chick, rodents, nonhuman primates), different forms of spontaneous anatomic plasticity of reticulospinal projections, many of them originating from the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (NRG), have been observed. In line with these anatomic observations, animals and humans with incomplete SCI often show various degrees of spontaneous motor recovery of hindlimb/leg function. Here, we investigated the functional relevance of two different modes of reticulospinal fiber growth after cervical hemisection, local rewiring of axotomized projections at the lesion site versus compensatory outgrowth of spared axons, using projection-specific, adeno-associated virus-mediated chemogenetic neuronal silencing. Detailed assessment of joint movements and limb kinetics during overground locomotion in female adult rats showed that locally rewired as well as compensatory NRG fibers were responsible for different aspects of recovered forelimb and hindlimb functions (i.e., stability, strength, coordination, speed, or timing). During walking and swimming, both locally rewired as well as compensatory NRG plasticity were crucial for recovered function, while the contribution of locally rewired NRG plasticity to wading performance was limited. Our data demonstrate comprehensively that locally rewired as well as compensatory plasticity of reticulospinal axons functionally contribute to the observed spontaneous improvement of stepping performance after incomplete SCI and are at least partially causative to the observed recovery of function, which can also be observed in human patients with spinal hemisection lesions.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32978289
pii: JNEUROSCI.0474-20.2020
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0474-20.2020
pmc: PMC7577599
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
8292-8305Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 the authors.
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