Evaluating the potential of using urine and saliva specimens for malaria diagnosis in suspected patients in Ghana.
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antigens, Protozoan
/ analysis
Child
Child, Preschool
Diagnostic Tests, Routine
Female
Ghana
/ epidemiology
Humans
Infant
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
/ analysis
Malaria, Falciparum
/ diagnosis
Male
Middle Aged
Plasmodium falciparum
/ isolation & purification
Prevalence
Protozoan Proteins
/ analysis
Saliva
/ parasitology
Urine
/ parasitology
Young Adult
Ga west municipality
Ghana
Malaria antigens in saliva
Malaria antigens in urine
Journal
Malaria journal
ISSN: 1475-2875
Titre abrégé: Malar J
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101139802
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
29 Sep 2020
29 Sep 2020
Historique:
received:
03
03
2020
accepted:
23
09
2020
entrez:
30
9
2020
pubmed:
1
10
2020
medline:
11
5
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
This study aimed at detecting PfHRP2 and pLDH malaria antigens in urine and salivary specimens of suspected malaria patients using RDT kits, and identifying factors influencing the detection of these antigens. Malaria rapid test kit (SD Bioline RDT kit) was used to detect malaria antigens, PfHRP2 and pLDH, in blood, urine and saliva samples received from patients suspected of malaria. Subsequently, malaria parasitaemia was determined. From the same patients, body temperature readings and haemoglobin concentrations were recorded. Also, micro-haematuria and saliva occult blood were determined. Relative to blood, the sensitivities and the performance of urine and saliva as alternative samples were evaluated. A total of 706 suspected malaria patients provided all three specimens. Prevalence of malaria by microscopy and RDT was 44.2% and 53.9%, respectively. Compared to blood, the sensitivities of urine and saliva were 35.2% and 57.0% respectively. Haemoglobin concentration < 9.9 g/dL, body temperature > 38.7 °C and occult blood influenced the detection of malaria antigens in both urine and saliva. Furthermore, the antigens were not detected in urine and saliva when parasitaemia was < 60,000 parasites/µL and < 40,000 parasites/µL, respectively. Saliva, with or without blood contamination, was found to be more efficient that urine samples. Therefore these non-blood specimens have the potential to be used as non-invasive samples for malaria diagnosis. However, this approach is useful in severe to moderate anaemia, hyperthermia, parasitaemia > 60,000 parasites/µL and samples contaminated with blood.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
This study aimed at detecting PfHRP2 and pLDH malaria antigens in urine and salivary specimens of suspected malaria patients using RDT kits, and identifying factors influencing the detection of these antigens.
METHODS
METHODS
Malaria rapid test kit (SD Bioline RDT kit) was used to detect malaria antigens, PfHRP2 and pLDH, in blood, urine and saliva samples received from patients suspected of malaria. Subsequently, malaria parasitaemia was determined. From the same patients, body temperature readings and haemoglobin concentrations were recorded. Also, micro-haematuria and saliva occult blood were determined. Relative to blood, the sensitivities and the performance of urine and saliva as alternative samples were evaluated.
RESULTS
RESULTS
A total of 706 suspected malaria patients provided all three specimens. Prevalence of malaria by microscopy and RDT was 44.2% and 53.9%, respectively. Compared to blood, the sensitivities of urine and saliva were 35.2% and 57.0% respectively. Haemoglobin concentration < 9.9 g/dL, body temperature > 38.7 °C and occult blood influenced the detection of malaria antigens in both urine and saliva. Furthermore, the antigens were not detected in urine and saliva when parasitaemia was < 60,000 parasites/µL and < 40,000 parasites/µL, respectively.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Saliva, with or without blood contamination, was found to be more efficient that urine samples. Therefore these non-blood specimens have the potential to be used as non-invasive samples for malaria diagnosis. However, this approach is useful in severe to moderate anaemia, hyperthermia, parasitaemia > 60,000 parasites/µL and samples contaminated with blood.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32993649
doi: 10.1186/s12936-020-03427-x
pii: 10.1186/s12936-020-03427-x
pmc: PMC7526349
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antigens, Protozoan
0
HRP-2 antigen, Plasmodium falciparum
0
Protozoan Proteins
0
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
EC 1.1.1.27
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
349Références
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