Rab GTPases: Key players in melanosome biogenesis, transport, and transfer.
Griscelli syndrome
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
Rab GTPase
Rab effector
keratinocyte
lysosome-related organelle
melanocyte
melanosome
membrane traffic
motor
Journal
Pigment cell & melanoma research
ISSN: 1755-148X
Titre abrégé: Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101318927
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 2021
03 2021
Historique:
received:
30
07
2020
accepted:
23
09
2020
pubmed:
1
10
2020
medline:
28
12
2021
entrez:
30
9
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Melanosomes are specialized intracellular organelles that produce and store melanin pigments in melanocytes, which are present in several mammalian tissues and organs, including the skin, hair, and eyes. Melanosomes form and mature stepwise (stages I-IV) in melanocytes and then are transported toward the plasma membrane along the cytoskeleton. They are subsequently transferred to neighboring keratinocytes by a largely unknown mechanism, and incorporated melanosomes are transported to the perinuclear region of the keratinocytes where they form melanin caps. Melanocytes also extend several dendrites that facilitate the efficient transfer of the melanosomes to the keratinocytes. Since the melanosome biogenesis, transport, and transfer steps require multiple membrane trafficking processes, Rab GTPases that are conserved key regulators of membrane traffic in all eukaryotes are crucial for skin and hair pigmentation. Dysfunctions of two Rab isoforms, Rab27A and Rab38, are known to cause a hypopigmentation phenotype in human type 2 Griscelli syndrome patients and in chocolate mice (related to Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome), respectively. In this review article, I review the literature on the functions of each Rab isoform and its upstream and downstream regulators in mammalian melanocytes and keratinocytes.
Substances chimiques
Melanins
0
rab GTP-Binding Proteins
EC 3.6.5.2
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
222-235Informations de copyright
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Références
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