Retinal biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): implication for early diagnosis and prognosis.
Alzheimer’s disease
Dementia
OCT angiography
Retinal biomarkers
Retinal imaging
Journal
GeroScience
ISSN: 2509-2723
Titre abrégé: Geroscience
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101686284
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2020
12 2020
Historique:
received:
25
05
2020
accepted:
10
08
2020
pubmed:
5
10
2020
medline:
28
4
2021
entrez:
4
10
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Cognitive impairment and dementia are major medical, social, and economic public health issues worldwide with significant implications for life quality in older adults. The leading causes are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment/dementia (VCID). In both conditions, pathological alterations of the cerebral microcirculation play a critical pathogenic role. Currently, the main pathological biomarkers of AD-β-amyloid peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins-are detected either through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or PET examination. Nevertheless, given that they are invasive and expensive procedures, their availability is limited. Being part of the central nervous system, the retina offers a unique and easy method to study both neurodegenerative disorders and cerebral small vessel diseases in vivo. Over the past few decades, a number of novel approaches in retinal imaging have been developed that may allow physicians and researchers to gain insights into the genesis and progression of cerebromicrovascular pathologies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, fundus photography, and dynamic vessel analyzer (DVA) are new imaging methods providing quantitative assessment of retinal structural and vascular indicators-such as thickness of the inner retinal layers, retinal vessel density, foveal avascular zone area, tortuosity and fractal dimension of retinal vessels, and microvascular dysfunction-for cognitive impairment and dementia. Should further studies need to be conducted, these retinal alterations may prove to be useful biomarkers for screening and monitoring dementia progression in clinical routine. In this review, we seek to highlight recent findings and current knowledge regarding the application of retinal biomarkers in dementia assessment.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33011937
doi: 10.1007/s11357-020-00252-7
pii: 10.1007/s11357-020-00252-7
pmc: PMC7732888
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1499-1525Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : U54 GM104938
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01-AG055395, R01-AG067480
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG055395
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG047879
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P30 AG050911
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : GM10493
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : R01 NS056218
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : P20 GM103447
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : T32 AG052363
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : P20 GM125528
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : R01 NS100782
Pays : United States
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