Humoral antibody response of 10 horses after vaccination against African horse sickness with an inactivated vaccine containing all 9 serotypes in one injection.
African horse sickness
horse
immune response
inactivated vaccine with 9 serotypes
Journal
Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
Titre abrégé: Equine Vet J
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0173320
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jul 2021
Jul 2021
Historique:
revised:
02
09
2020
received:
20
07
2020
accepted:
20
09
2020
pubmed:
5
10
2020
medline:
22
6
2021
entrez:
4
10
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
African horse sickness (AHS) is a devastating viral disease of equids that was first recorded in 1327. Currently, prevention and control of the disease are based on attenuated vaccines and midge control. It has been shown that attenuated Orbivirus vaccines are not always safe as they may reverse to virulence. In the Emirate of Dubai, a vaccination experiment was carried out with an inactivated AHS vaccine produced at the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Dubai, UAE to investigate the humoral antibody response of AHS-naïve horses to this vaccine. Our vaccination experiment was performed to establish an AHS vaccine bank in the UAE to protect horses from the disease in case of an outbreak. Therefore, CVRL established an inactivated AHS vaccine containing all nine serotypes which induce high neutralising antibodies. A total of 10 horses kept in a desert isolation area were subcutaneously and intramuscularly vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine containing all nine AHS serotypes previously isolated from Kenyan horse fatalities. Primary immunisation was followed by two booster immunisations 4 weeks and 6 months apart. After 13 months, an annual booster was administered. Blood samples were regularly withdrawn for ELISA and virus neutralisation testing. Additionally, EDTA blood was tested every second day for 14 days post each vaccination for the presence of AHS virus or its RNA. Results show that ELISA and virus neutralising antibodies appeared after the first booster, declined after 4-6 months and therefore three vaccinations and an annual vaccination are necessary to achieve high protective virus neutralising antibodies. No challenge infection was carried out due to the lack of a safe facility in the UAE. Before more advanced AHS vaccines become a reality, inactivated vaccines containing all nine serotypes should be used as they produce high ELISA and neutralising antibodies.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
African horse sickness (AHS) is a devastating viral disease of equids that was first recorded in 1327. Currently, prevention and control of the disease are based on attenuated vaccines and midge control. It has been shown that attenuated Orbivirus vaccines are not always safe as they may reverse to virulence.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
In the Emirate of Dubai, a vaccination experiment was carried out with an inactivated AHS vaccine produced at the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Dubai, UAE to investigate the humoral antibody response of AHS-naïve horses to this vaccine. Our vaccination experiment was performed to establish an AHS vaccine bank in the UAE to protect horses from the disease in case of an outbreak. Therefore, CVRL established an inactivated AHS vaccine containing all nine serotypes which induce high neutralising antibodies.
STUDY DESIGN
METHODS
A total of 10 horses kept in a desert isolation area were subcutaneously and intramuscularly vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine containing all nine AHS serotypes previously isolated from Kenyan horse fatalities. Primary immunisation was followed by two booster immunisations 4 weeks and 6 months apart. After 13 months, an annual booster was administered.
METHODS
METHODS
Blood samples were regularly withdrawn for ELISA and virus neutralisation testing. Additionally, EDTA blood was tested every second day for 14 days post each vaccination for the presence of AHS virus or its RNA.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Results show that ELISA and virus neutralising antibodies appeared after the first booster, declined after 4-6 months and therefore three vaccinations and an annual vaccination are necessary to achieve high protective virus neutralising antibodies.
MAIN LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
No challenge infection was carried out due to the lack of a safe facility in the UAE.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Before more advanced AHS vaccines become a reality, inactivated vaccines containing all nine serotypes should be used as they produce high ELISA and neutralising antibodies.
Substances chimiques
Antibodies, Neutralizing
0
Antibodies, Viral
0
Vaccines, Inactivated
0
Viral Vaccines
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
826-833Subventions
Organisme : Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL)
Informations de copyright
© 2020 EVJ Ltd.
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