Clinical Effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors in Hyperuricemic Patients.
Allopurinol
/ therapeutic use
Benzaldehydes
/ therapeutic use
Chronic Disease
Comorbidity
Febuxostat
/ therapeutic use
Gout Suppressants
/ administration & dosage
Humans
Hyperuricemia
/ drug therapy
Nitriles
/ therapeutic use
Pyridines
/ therapeutic use
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Xanthine Oxidase
/ antagonists & inhibitors
Hyperuricemia
Uric acid
Uric acid-lowering drugs
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors
Journal
Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre
ISSN: 1423-0151
Titre abrégé: Med Princ Pract
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 8901334
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
01
09
2019
accepted:
07
10
2020
pubmed:
12
10
2020
medline:
20
11
2021
entrez:
11
10
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
This review aims to critically present the available clinical evidence supporting the treatment of chronic hyperuricemia with xanthine oxidase inhibitors. For this reason, the studies published on uric acid (UA)-lowering drugs in the English language from 2000 to August 2019 have been carefully reviewed. The terms "serum uric acid," "xanthine oxidase," "allopurinol," "febuxostat," and "topiroxostat" were incorporated into an electronic search strategy, alone and in combinations, in both MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Even if new urate-lowering drugs seem of particular efficacy for acute treatment of refractory hyperuricemia, their use is supported by relatively small clinical evidence. On the contrary, large long-term clinical trials have demonstrated that xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs, namely, allopurinol and febuxostat) are effective, safe, and relatively well-tolerated in most of the patients. They have mainly been tested in the elderly, in patients affected by chronic diseases such as heart failure and cancer, and in patients taking a large number of drugs, confirming their safety profile. Recent data also show that they could exert some positive effects on vascular health, renal function, and glucose metabolism. Their cost is also low. In conclusion, XOIs remain the first choice of UA-lowering drug for chronic treatment.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33040063
pii: 000512178
doi: 10.1159/000512178
pmc: PMC8114083
doi:
Substances chimiques
Benzaldehydes
0
Gout Suppressants
0
Nitriles
0
Pyridines
0
FYX-051
0J877412JV
Febuxostat
101V0R1N2E
3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde
34J6743XV2
Allopurinol
63CZ7GJN5I
Xanthine Oxidase
EC 1.17.3.2
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
122-130Informations de copyright
© 2020 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
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