The Utility of Grimace Scales for Practical Pain Assessment in Laboratory Animals.
facial expressions
grimace scales
mice
pain
rabbit
rat
Journal
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
Titre abrégé: Animals (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101635614
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 Oct 2020
09 Oct 2020
Historique:
received:
04
09
2020
revised:
16
09
2020
accepted:
22
09
2020
entrez:
14
10
2020
pubmed:
15
10
2020
medline:
15
10
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Animals' facial expressions are widely used as a readout for emotion. Scientific interest in the facial expressions of laboratory animals has centered primarily on negative experiences, such as pain, experienced as a result of scientific research procedures. Recent attempts to standardize evaluation of facial expressions associated with pain in laboratory animals has culminated in the development of "grimace scales". The prevention or relief of pain in laboratory animals is a fundamental requirement for in vivo research to satisfy community expectations. However, to date it appears that the grimace scales have not seen widespread implementation as clinical pain assessment techniques in biomedical research. In this review, we discuss some of the barriers to implementation of the scales in clinical laboratory animal medicine, progress made in automation of collection, and suggest avenues for future research.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33050267
pii: ani10101838
doi: 10.3390/ani10101838
pmc: PMC7600890
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
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