Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Nutritional Origins and Potential Molecular Mechanisms.
clinical biomarkers
developmental programming
microRNAs
microbial dysbiosis
pediatric NAFLD
trained immunity
Journal
Nutrients
ISSN: 2072-6643
Titre abrégé: Nutrients
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101521595
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 Oct 2020
16 Oct 2020
Historique:
received:
10
09
2020
revised:
12
10
2020
accepted:
13
10
2020
entrez:
21
10
2020
pubmed:
22
10
2020
medline:
20
4
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the number one chronic liver disease worldwide and is estimated to affect nearly 40% of obese youth and up to 10% of the general pediatric population without any obvious signs or symptoms. Although the early stages of NAFLD are reversible with diet and lifestyle modifications, detecting such stages is hindered by a lack of non-invasive methods of risk assessment and diagnosis. This absence of non-invasive means of diagnosis is directly related to the scarcity of long-term prospective studies of pediatric NAFLD in children and adolescents. In the majority of pediatric NAFLD cases, the mechanisms driving the origin and rapid progression of NAFLD remain unknown. The progression from NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in youth is associated with unique histological features and possible immune processes and metabolic pathways that may reflect different mechanisms compared with adults. Recent data suggest that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are important new biomarkers underlying pathways of liver injury. Several factors may contribute to pediatric NAFLD development, including high-sugar diets, in utero exposures via epigenetic alterations, changes in the neonatal microbiome, and altered immune system development and mitochondrial function. This review focuses on the unique aspects of pediatric NAFLD and how nutritional exposures impact the immune system, mitochondria, and liver/gastrointestinal metabolic health. These factors highlight the need for answers to how NAFLD develops in children and for early stage-specific interventions.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33081177
pii: nu12103166
doi: 10.3390/nu12103166
pmc: PMC7602751
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
MicroRNAs
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R01 DK121951
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R56 DK114711
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : DK090964
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : DK114711
Pays : United States
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