Brain Glymphatic/Lymphatic Imaging by MRI and PET.
Cerebrospinal fluid
Glymphatic
Imaging.
Interstitial fluid
Meningeal lymphatic
Journal
Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging
ISSN: 1869-3474
Titre abrégé: Nucl Med Mol Imaging
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101530478
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2020
Oct 2020
Historique:
received:
02
06
2020
revised:
09
08
2020
accepted:
19
08
2020
entrez:
22
10
2020
pubmed:
23
10
2020
medline:
23
10
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Since glymphatic was proposed and meningeal lymphatic was discovered, MRI and even PET were introduced to investigate brain parenchymal interstitial fluid (ISF), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and lymphatic outflow in rodents and humans. Previous findings by ex vivo fluorescent microscopic, and in vivo two-photon imaging in rodents were reproduced using intrathecal contrast (gadobutrol and the similar)-enhanced MRI in rodents and further in humans. On dynamic MRI of meningeal lymphatics, in contrast to rodents, humans use mainly dorsal meningeal lymphatic pathways of ISF-CSF-lymphatic efflux. In mice, ISF-CSF exchange was examined thoroughly using an intra-cistern injection of fluorescent tracers during sleep, aging, and neurodegeneration yielding many details. CSF to lymphatic efflux is across arachnoid barrier cells over the dorsal dura in rodents and in humans. Meningeal lymphatic efflux to cervical lymph nodes and systemic circulation is also well-delineated especially in humans onintrathecal contrast MRI. Sleep- or anesthesia-related changes of glymphatic-lymphatic flow and the coupling of ISF-CSF-lymphatic drainage are major confounders ininterpreting brain glymphatic/lymphatic outflow in rodents. PET imaging in humans should be interpreted based on human anatomy and physiology, different in some aspects, using MRI recently. Based on the summary in this review, we propose non-invasive and longer-term intrathecal SPECT/PET or MRI studies to unravel the roles of brain glymphatic/lymphatic in diseases.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33088350
doi: 10.1007/s13139-020-00665-4
pii: 665
pmc: PMC7560703
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
207-223Informations de copyright
© Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine 2020.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Conflict of InterestDong Soo Lee, Minseok Suh, Azmal Sarker, and Yoori Choi declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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