Macronutrient composition of the diet and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in the EPIC-Italy cohort.
Adult
Body-Weight Trajectory
Diet
/ adverse effects
Diet, Fat-Restricted
/ adverse effects
Diet, High-Protein Low-Carbohydrate
/ adverse effects
Energy Intake
Female
Humans
Italy
/ epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Nutrients
/ adverse effects
Nutrition Surveys
Nutritive Value
Obesity
/ diagnosis
Prospective Studies
Time Factors
Waist Circumference
Macronutrient
Prospective study
Waist change
Weight change
Journal
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD
ISSN: 1590-3729
Titre abrégé: Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 9111474
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 01 2021
04 01 2021
Historique:
received:
17
01
2020
revised:
07
08
2020
accepted:
10
08
2020
pubmed:
25
10
2020
medline:
3
3
2021
entrez:
24
10
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The overall macronutrient composition of diet, rather than just calorie intake, may influence long-term changes of anthropometry. We investigated relationships between dietary macronutrient composition and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in participants of the EPIC-Italy - the Italian section of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition - study. A total of 32,119 participants provided anthropometric measures at recruitment and 12 years later (mean). Diet at recruitment was assessed using validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Weight and waist changes associated with replacing 10% of energy from one macronutrient with 10% of energy from another macronutrient were assessed by multivariable linear regression. Increased energy from total protein at the expense of any other macronutrient was significantly associated with increased weight and waist circumference. Increased starch at the expense of sugar and total protein was associated with significantly decreased weight and waist circumference; when starch replaced total fat, weight significantly decreased. Increased sugar at the expense of starch and total fat was significantly associated with increased weight and waist circumference; but increase at the expense of total protein was significantly associated with decreased weight and waist circumference. Our results suggest that increasing protein at the expense of fat or carbohydrates, and reducing starch by increasing other macronutrients, might be associated with increased weight and waist gain.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The overall macronutrient composition of diet, rather than just calorie intake, may influence long-term changes of anthropometry. We investigated relationships between dietary macronutrient composition and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in participants of the EPIC-Italy - the Italian section of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition - study.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A total of 32,119 participants provided anthropometric measures at recruitment and 12 years later (mean). Diet at recruitment was assessed using validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Weight and waist changes associated with replacing 10% of energy from one macronutrient with 10% of energy from another macronutrient were assessed by multivariable linear regression. Increased energy from total protein at the expense of any other macronutrient was significantly associated with increased weight and waist circumference. Increased starch at the expense of sugar and total protein was associated with significantly decreased weight and waist circumference; when starch replaced total fat, weight significantly decreased. Increased sugar at the expense of starch and total fat was significantly associated with increased weight and waist circumference; but increase at the expense of total protein was significantly associated with decreased weight and waist circumference.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that increasing protein at the expense of fat or carbohydrates, and reducing starch by increasing other macronutrients, might be associated with increased weight and waist gain.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33097407
pii: S0939-4753(20)30345-8
doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.007
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Observational Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
67-75Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.