Blood Biomarkers for Detection of Brain Injury in COVID-19 Patients.
CNS injury
COVID-19
GFAP, SARS-CoV-2
UCH-L1
blood biomarkers
Journal
Journal of neurotrauma
ISSN: 1557-9042
Titre abrégé: J Neurotrauma
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8811626
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 01 2021
01 01 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
30
10
2020
medline:
20
1
2021
entrez:
29
10
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus attacks multiple organs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, including the brain. There are worldwide descriptions of neurological deficits in COVID-19 patients. Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms can be present early in the course of the disease. As many as 55% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients have been reported to have neurological disturbances three months after infection by SARS-CoV-2. The mutability of the SARS-COV-2 virus and its potential to directly affect the CNS highlight the urgency of developing technology to diagnose, manage, and treat brain injury in COVID-19 patients. The pathobiology of CNS infection by SARS-CoV-2 and the associated neurological sequelae of this infection remain poorly understood. In this review, we outline the rationale for the use of blood biomarkers (BBs) for diagnosis of brain injury in COVID-19 patients, the research needed to incorporate their use into clinical practice, and the improvements in patient management and outcomes that can result. BBs of brain injury could potentially provide tools for detection of brain injury in COVID-19 patients. Elevations of BBs have been reported in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of COVID-19 patients. BB proteins have been analyzed in CSF to detect CNS involvement in patients with infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculous meningitis. BBs are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for diagnosis of mild versus moderate traumatic brain injury and have identified brain injury after stroke, cardiac arrest, hypoxia, and epilepsy. BBs, integrated with other diagnostic tools, could enhance understanding of viral mechanisms of brain injury, predict severity of neurological deficits, guide triage of patients and assignment to appropriate medical pathways, and assess efficacy of therapeutic interventions in COVID-19 patients.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33115334
doi: 10.1089/neu.2020.7332
pmc: PMC7757533
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Types de publication
Case Reports
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1-43Subventions
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : K23 NS101036
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : K23 NS104133
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : P01 HL128192
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : K23 HD099331
Pays : United States
Références
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018 Nov 08;14:2989-3000
pubmed: 30510421
Crit Care. 2019 Nov 12;23(1):352
pubmed: 31718695
Front Neurol. 2014 Dec 19;5:273
pubmed: 25566179
Clin Neurophysiol Pract. 2020 Jun 10;5:125-129
pubmed: 32607454
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Sep;44:102324
pubmed: 32615528
J Neurol. 2020 Aug;267(8):2185-2192
pubmed: 32436105
Front Neurol. 2013 Apr 26;4:40
pubmed: 23637695
Nat Med. 2019 Feb;25(2):277-283
pubmed: 30664784
Eur J Neurol. 2020 Sep;27(9):e43-e44
pubmed: 32383343
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2005 Aug;99(8):610-7
pubmed: 15935412
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020 Jul 1;7(5):
pubmed: 32611761
Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Oct 15;65(8):1298-1307
pubmed: 28605426
Acta Neuropathol. 2020 Jul;140(1):1-6
pubmed: 32449057
EMBO J. 2020 Oct 15;39(20):e106230
pubmed: 32876341
Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Jan;21(1):52-58
pubmed: 33058797
Proteomics Clin Appl. 2017 Sep;11(9-10):
pubmed: 28452132
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2018 Feb;18(2):165-180
pubmed: 29338452
Sci Transl Med. 2015 Sep 30;7(307):307ra153
pubmed: 26424568
J Neurovirol. 2018 Dec;24(6):695-701
pubmed: 30105502
J Med Virol. 2020 Jun;92(6):552-555
pubmed: 32104915
ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020 May 6;11(9):1200-1203
pubmed: 32283006
Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2020 Jul;78(7):454-455
pubmed: 32609291
J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;70(3):889-898
pubmed: 31282420
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2020 Jun;176(6):521-523
pubmed: 32414532
Br J Neurosurg. 2023 Jun;37(3):396-398
pubmed: 32633581
J Neurotrauma. 2018 Nov 15;35(22):2665-2672
pubmed: 29665763
J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;76(1):3-19
pubmed: 32538857
N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 15;383(16):1522-1534
pubmed: 32558485
Front Neurol. 2019 Mar 19;10:87
pubmed: 30941082
J Neurotrauma. 2015 Aug 15;32(16):1179-89
pubmed: 25763798
J Cell Mol Med. 2015 Sep;19(9):2253-61
pubmed: 26081945
Semin Neurol. 2019 Aug;39(4):419-427
pubmed: 31533182
Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2020 Jul;7(7):1240-1244
pubmed: 32407609
Arch Neurol. 2012 Jul;69(7):824-31
pubmed: 22451159
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020 Nov 10;9(5):580-586
pubmed: 31808816
Stroke. 2006 Oct;37(10):2508-13
pubmed: 16960091
Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr;8(4):420-422
pubmed: 32085846
Blood Adv. 2020 Oct 27;4(20):4990-4993
pubmed: 33057631
mBio. 2020 Oct 30;11(6):
pubmed: 33127862
Brain Circ. 2017 Apr-Jun;3(2):87-108
pubmed: 30276309
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006 Feb;77(2):181-4
pubmed: 16174653
Neurosurgery. 2016 Sep;79(3):456-64
pubmed: 26963330
J Neurointerv Surg. 2020 Jul;12(7):648-653
pubmed: 32451359
Clin Chem. 2014 Jun;60(6):823-34
pubmed: 24170612
J Neurol. 2020 Aug;267(8):2196-2197
pubmed: 32458198
Orbit. 2020 Aug;39(4):305-310
pubmed: 32419568
J Neurol. 2020 Nov;267(11):3157-3160
pubmed: 32583053
Clin Chem. 2012 Jul;58(7):1116-22
pubmed: 22529109
J Neurol. 2020 Dec;267(12):3459-3461
pubmed: 32601756
JAMA. 2020 Sep 3;:
pubmed: 32880615
Lancet Neurol. 2020 Oct;19(10):826-839
pubmed: 32949543
Sci Rep. 2019 Oct 10;9(1):14626
pubmed: 31602002
Br J Haematol. 2020 Jul;190(1):e11-e13
pubmed: 32374029
Neurology. 2020 Sep 22;95(12):e1754-e1759
pubmed: 32546655
Brain. 2020 Oct 1;143(10):3104-3120
pubmed: 32637987
Seizure. 2020 Oct;81:198-200
pubmed: 32861152
J Neurol Sci. 2007 Jul 15;258(1-2):93-8
pubmed: 17459417
J Neurotrauma. 2014 Jan 1;31(1):19-25
pubmed: 23865516
Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020 May;5:100073
pubmed: 32313886
Epilepsia. 2020 Jun;61(6):e49-e53
pubmed: 32304092
Neurology. 2021 Jan 26;96(4):e575-e586
pubmed: 33020166
Pak J Med Sci. 2015 Sep-Oct;31(5):1110-4
pubmed: 26648996
Crit Care Med. 2015 Oct;43(10):2202-11
pubmed: 26082978
J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(6):560-562
pubmed: 32510106
J Immunol. 2002 Aug 15;169(4):1984-92
pubmed: 12165524
Ann Neurol. 2020 Aug;88(2):423-427
pubmed: 32418288
Alzheimers Dement. 2018 Dec;14(12):1602-1614
pubmed: 30314800
Crit Care Explor. 2020 Apr 29;2(4):e0107
pubmed: 32426749
Viruses. 2019 Dec 20;12(1):
pubmed: 31861926
JAMA Neurol. 2019 Jul 1;76(7):791-799
pubmed: 31009028
Crit Care Med. 2014 Mar;42(3):664-74
pubmed: 24164954
EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Aug;25:100484
pubmed: 32838240
Acta Neurol Scand. 2020 Jul;142(1):14-22
pubmed: 32412088
Brain. 2020 Oct 1;143(10):3089-3103
pubmed: 32645151
Neurol Sci. 2020 Aug;41(8):1991-1995
pubmed: 32588367
J Neurol. 2020 Dec;267(12):3441-3443
pubmed: 32594301
Neurocrit Care. 2021 Feb;34(1):139-143
pubmed: 32462412
J Proteomics. 2012 Aug 3;75(15):4758-65
pubmed: 22343074
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 Aug 1;146(8):729-732
pubmed: 32614442
J Neurotrauma. 2013 Sep 1;30(17):1490-7
pubmed: 23489259
Resuscitation. 2019 Mar;136:14-20
pubmed: 30654013
Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 16;6:37007
pubmed: 27849057
Geroscience. 2020 Aug;42(4):1083-1087
pubmed: 32451846
Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2018 Sep 06;4:575-590
pubmed: 30406177
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020 Aug;29(8):104984
pubmed: 32689588
Neurology. 1999 Jan 15;52(2):244-8
pubmed: 9932938
J Neurol Sci. 2020 Jul 15;414:116871
pubmed: 32422428
Eur Respir J. 2020 Sep 24;56(3):
pubmed: 32817004
Neurotherapeutics. 2016 Jul;13(3):493-508
pubmed: 27106239
Radiology. 2020 Aug;296(2):E119-E120
pubmed: 32228363
Lancet. 2020 May 2;395(10234):e76
pubmed: 32333840
JAMA Neurol. 2020 Aug 1;77(8):1028-1029
pubmed: 32469400
Front Cell Neurosci. 2018 Oct 26;12:386
pubmed: 30416428
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Jan;42(1):217-224
pubmed: 32840758
Clin Med (Lond). 2020 May 5;:
pubmed: 32371417
Neurocrit Care. 2021 Feb;34(1):354-358
pubmed: 32458333
Arch Trauma Res. 2016 Jul 05;5(3):e37005
pubmed: 27800469
Crit Care Med. 2015 May;43(5):1121-9
pubmed: 25654178
J Clin Neurosci. 2020 Jul;77:234-236
pubmed: 32414622
J Neurol Sci. 2015 Dec 15;359(1-2):202-6
pubmed: 26671113
J Med Virol. 2020 Jul;92(7):705-706
pubmed: 32246782
J Neurol Sci. 2020 Sep 15;416:117001
pubmed: 32590204
Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 14;6:24588
pubmed: 27074724
Pediatr Neurol. 2020 Aug;109:94
pubmed: 32586676
Cureus. 2020 May 2;12(5):e7930
pubmed: 32499974
Neurosurgery. 2020 Aug 1;87(2):E147-E151
pubmed: 32424429
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jul 21;117(29):17204-17210
pubmed: 32601207
J Neurol. 2009 Jan;256(1):72-7
pubmed: 19221847
Ann Neurol. 2020 Jun;87(6):907-920
pubmed: 32215965
Science. 2020 Oct 23;370(6515):
pubmed: 32972995
Nat Rev Neurol. 2016 Jan;12(1):40-9
pubmed: 26670299
J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2015 Jul-Sep;6(3):326-30
pubmed: 26167013
JAMA. 2020 Apr 28;323(16):1612-1614
pubmed: 32191259
Malar J. 2008 May 19;7:83
pubmed: 18489763
J Thromb Haemost. 2020 Jun;18(6):1324-1329
pubmed: 32306492
Thromb Res. 2020 Jul;191:148-150
pubmed: 32381264
Lancet. 2020 Jun 20;395(10241):e109
pubmed: 32505222
J Neurol. 2021 May;268(5):1592-1594
pubmed: 32809154
J Neurol. 2020 Oct;267(10):2799-2802
pubmed: 32474657
J Neurotrauma. 2016 Jan 15;33(2):203-14
pubmed: 26467555
JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):749-50
pubmed: 26903329
Cell. 2020 Aug 20;182(4):812-827.e19
pubmed: 32697968
Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Nov 17;2:16084
pubmed: 27853132
Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020 Oct;197:106173
pubmed: 32877769
Radiology. 2020 Oct;297(1):E232-E235
pubmed: 32384020
J Neurotrauma. 2012 Jun 10;29(9):1770-8
pubmed: 22435839
Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2020 Sep;5(3):279-284
pubmed: 32616524
Cureus. 2020 Mar 21;12(3):e7352
pubmed: 32328364
PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e56805
pubmed: 23483891
Neurocrit Care. 2018 Feb;28(1):26-34
pubmed: 28612133
Mol Cell Biochem. 2016 Sep;420(1-2):21-8
pubmed: 27443846
Brain Circ. 2016 Jan-Mar;2(1):28-47
pubmed: 30276272
Neurology. 2020 Sep 8;95(10):445-449
pubmed: 32586897
J Neurotrauma. 2020 Jul 1;37(13):1537-1545
pubmed: 32024456
Cureus. 2020 May 12;12(5):e8070
pubmed: 32542125
PLoS Med. 2008 Aug 5;5(8):e165; discussion e165
pubmed: 18684008
Neurologia (Engl Ed). 2020 Jun;35(5):295-302
pubmed: 32448674
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Aug;93(2):232-237
pubmed: 26055741
Viruses. 2020 May 11;12(5):
pubmed: 32403242
Crit Care. 2017 Jun 20;21(1):153
pubmed: 28629472
BMC Neurol. 2020 Jun 18;20(1):248
pubmed: 32552792
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020 Dec;41(12):2263-2268
pubmed: 32855182
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020 Jun 1;7(5):
pubmed: 32482781
Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020 Jul;162(7):1495-1499
pubmed: 32430637
Radiology. 2020 Oct;297(1):E223-E227
pubmed: 32437314
Thromb Res. 2020 Jul;191:153-155
pubmed: 32386986
Neurochem Res. 2014 Aug;39(8):1426-32
pubmed: 24838548
Mol Med. 2011;17(11-12):1306-10
pubmed: 21912808
Neurol Sci. 2020 Nov;41(11):3021-3022
pubmed: 32875474
Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Jan;21(1):3-5
pubmed: 33058796
J Neurol Sci. 2020 Oct 15;417:117085
pubmed: 32871412
World Neurosurg. 2016 Mar;87:8-20
pubmed: 26547005
Nat Rev Neurol. 2019 Sep;15(9):501-518
pubmed: 31367008
J Neurol. 2021 Jun;268(6):2007-2012
pubmed: 32494854
Brain Inj. 2015;29(4):446-54
pubmed: 25518864
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020 Jul;41(7):1173-1176
pubmed: 32439646
ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020 Apr 1;11(7):995-998
pubmed: 32167747
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2020 Jul;20(7):704-708
pubmed: 32516861
Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:34-39
pubmed: 32298803
Neurol Sci. 2020 Jul;41(7):1651-1653
pubmed: 32417987
Radiology. 2020 Nov;297(2):E270-E273
pubmed: 32437313
Toxicol Sci. 2012 Nov;130(1):158-67
pubmed: 22790971
Malar J. 2016 Jun 29;15:337
pubmed: 27357958
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020 Aug;41(8):E65-E66
pubmed: 32616583
Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2020 Nov;7(11):2221-2230
pubmed: 33016619
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020 Jul;41(7):1179-1183
pubmed: 32467191
Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:33
pubmed: 32305574
J Neurotrauma. 2017 Jan 1;34(1):66-73
pubmed: 27312416
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Jul - Aug;36:101642
pubmed: 32220634
New Microbes New Infect. 2020 Mar 27;35:100669
pubmed: 32322398
J Neurotrauma. 2019 Jun;36(11):1804-1817
pubmed: 30484364
Stroke. 2020 Aug;51(8):2540-2543
pubmed: 32466736
Platelets. 2020 Jul 3;31(5):674-679
pubmed: 32367765
Resuscitation. 2020 Sep;154:61-68
pubmed: 32445783
Front Neurol. 2019 May 16;10:512
pubmed: 31156541
Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Oct;7(10):875-882
pubmed: 32593341
Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:150-151
pubmed: 32387342
J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012 Jan-Feb;19(1):54-60
pubmed: 22037893
J Neurotrauma. 2015 Apr 15;32(8):527-33
pubmed: 25264814
Resuscitation. 2016 Apr;101:65-70
pubmed: 26855294
J Med Virol. 2020 Jul;92(7):699-702
pubmed: 32314810
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2018 Nov;44(6):715-738
pubmed: 30318978
Neurology. 2020 Sep 15;95(11):e1479-e1487
pubmed: 32554771
J Pathol. 2004 Jun;203(2):631-7
pubmed: 15141377
Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009;27(1):37-41
pubmed: 19018136
Stroke. 2013 Jun;44(6 Suppl 1):S93-5
pubmed: 23709744
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020 Aug;41(8):1357-1360
pubmed: 32616582
J Neurol Sci. 2000 Dec 1;181(1-2):104-10
pubmed: 11099719
JAMA. 2020 Aug 11;324(6):603-605
pubmed: 32644129
Science. 2020 Oct 23;370(6515):
pubmed: 32972996
J Neuroinflammation. 2010 Jan 18;7:5
pubmed: 20082712
Thromb Res. 2020 Sep;193:22-24
pubmed: 32505080
Sci Adv. 2021 Mar 19;7(12):
pubmed: 33741586
Crit Care. 2011 Jun 24;15(3):R156
pubmed: 21702960
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020 Sep;41(9):E76-E77
pubmed: 32554426
Neurology. 2020 Aug 25;95(8):e1060-e1070
pubmed: 32482845
Thromb Res. 2020 Jul;191:76-77
pubmed: 32402996
Circulation. 2015 Nov 3;132(18 Suppl 2):S465-82
pubmed: 26472996
Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020 May;5:100091
pubmed: 32835294
Emerg Radiol. 2020 Jun;27(3):229-232
pubmed: 32285222
Thromb Res. 2020 Jul;191:9-14
pubmed: 32353746
Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):448-53
pubmed: 25814066
Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Nov;94(45):e2007
pubmed: 26559295
JAMA Neurol. 2017 Sep 1;74(9):1063-1072
pubmed: 28738126
Springerplus. 2014 Feb 18;3:98
pubmed: 24600548
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020 Mar;27(3):905-912
pubmed: 32127770
J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Jan;58(1):42-47
pubmed: 28724200
Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Oct;89:594-600
pubmed: 32738287
Circulation. 2019 Aug 27;140(9):e517-e542
pubmed: 31291775
Clin Chem. 2012 Jan;58(1):237-45
pubmed: 22125303
J Neuroinflammation. 2019 Dec 5;16(1):254
pubmed: 31805958
Eur Neurol. 2014;72(5-6):278-84
pubmed: 25323105
Exp Physiol. 2011 Nov;96(11):1196-207
pubmed: 21841038
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 3;70(6):1161-1168
pubmed: 31044219
Lancet Neurol. 2018 Sep;17(9):782-789
pubmed: 30054151
JAMA Neurol. 2020 Nov 1;77(11):1440-1445
pubmed: 32609336
Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2013 Oct-Dec;27(4):337-42
pubmed: 23314060
N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 4;382(23):2268-2270
pubmed: 32294339
Clin Chim Acta. 2013 Apr 18;419:136-8
pubmed: 23438682
Clin Neurophysiol. 2020 Aug;131(8):2059-2061
pubmed: 32405258
Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Sep;26(9):
pubmed: 32453685
Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2015 Jan;2(1):12-21
pubmed: 25642430
Cureus. 2020 May 14;12(5):e8121
pubmed: 32426200
J Neurotrauma. 2019 Oct 15;36(20):2863-2871
pubmed: 30794101
JAMA Neurol. 2019 Jan 1;76(1):64-71
pubmed: 30383090
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020 May 26;7(5):
pubmed: 32457227
J Clin Med. 2020 May 07;9(5):
pubmed: 32392741
J Neurochem. 2016 Jan;136(2):416-24
pubmed: 26526443
AIDS. 2019 Mar 15;33(4):615-625
pubmed: 30557159
J Neurosci. 2015 Jan 14;35(2):518-26
pubmed: 25589747
Clin Biochem. 2012 Nov;45(16-17):1320-4
pubmed: 22705449
Glia. 2021 Feb;69(2):436-472
pubmed: 32955153
Stroke. 1997 Oct;28(10):1961-5
pubmed: 9341704
Radiology. 2020 Nov;297(2):E242-E251
pubmed: 32544034
Int J Infect Dis. 2020 May;94:55-58
pubmed: 32251791
Neurol Sci. 2015 Nov;36(11):2081-7
pubmed: 26194533
J Neurotrauma. 2020 Jun 15;37(12):1381-1391
pubmed: 32013731
Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020 Jul;162(7):1491-1494
pubmed: 32367205
Ann Intern Med. 2010 Nov 2;153(9):600-6
pubmed: 21041580
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Aug 1;202(3):356-360
pubmed: 32539537
J Neuroradiol. 2021 Mar;48(2):104-111
pubmed: 31323305
J Neurotrauma. 2021 Apr 15;38(8):1124-1136
pubmed: 30848161
Eur J Neurol. 2020 Nov;27(11):2378-2380
pubmed: 32781484
PLoS Pathog. 2017 Jan 3;13(1):e1006112
pubmed: 28046096
J Neurol. 2020 Dec;267(12):3476-3478
pubmed: 32647900
Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506
pubmed: 31986264
Nature. 2012 May 16;485(7399):512-6
pubmed: 22622580
Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:18-22
pubmed: 32240762
Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020 Sep;21(9):804-810
pubmed: 32343104
Neurocrit Care. 2010 Apr;12(2):252-7
pubmed: 20033352
Ann Neurol. 2020 Jul;88(1):1-11
pubmed: 32506549
Front Neurol. 2020 May 19;11:498
pubmed: 32574246
Stroke. 2020 Mar;51(3):751-758
pubmed: 32070224
J Neurosurg. 2013 Mar;118(3):669-75
pubmed: 23289819
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011 Oct;55(9):1132-8
pubmed: 22092212
Thromb Res. 2020 Jul;191:145-147
pubmed: 32291094
N Engl J Med. 2020 Sep 3;383(10):989-992
pubmed: 32530583
J Neurotrauma. 2021 Apr 15;38(8):1086-1106
pubmed: 29020853
Annu Rev Pathol. 2018 Jan 24;13:379-394
pubmed: 29195051
J Mol Neurosci. 2011 Mar;43(3):241-5
pubmed: 20549384
J Neurosurg. 2019 Jul 19;:1-8
pubmed: 31323634
Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020 Jul;194:105921
pubmed: 32422545
JAMA Neurol. 2020 Aug 1;77(8):1018-1027
pubmed: 32469387
J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;67(2):481-488
pubmed: 30594925
Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:115-119
pubmed: 32360439
J Intensive Care. 2020 Jul 10;8:49
pubmed: 32665858
J Neurol Sci. 2020 Jul 15;414:116943
pubmed: 32474362
Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:149
pubmed: 32387508
Cell Res. 2020 Oct;30(10):928-931
pubmed: 32753756
Sci Adv. 2020 Jul 31;6(31):
pubmed: 32937591
EBioMedicine. 2015 Nov 22;3:135-140
pubmed: 26870824
Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2020 Oct;7(10):2057-2071
pubmed: 32853453
Nat Med. 2020 Jul;26(7):1017-1032
pubmed: 32651579
J Neurotrauma. 2014 Jul 1;31(13):1180-93
pubmed: 24564198
J Thromb Haemost. 2020 May;18(5):1094-1099
pubmed: 32220112
Ann Neurol. 2017 Nov;82(5):665-675
pubmed: 28981963
IDCases. 2020 May 01;20:e00782
pubmed: 32363146
Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Sep;26(9):2016-2021
pubmed: 32487282
Brain Res. 1989 Jan 16;477(1-2):211-24
pubmed: 2702484
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 May 19;65(19):2104-14
pubmed: 25975474
Int Immunopharmacol. 2016 Mar;32:103-110
pubmed: 26803522
Front Neurol. 2018 Aug 07;9:640
pubmed: 30131759
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018 Nov;89(11):1152-1162
pubmed: 29674479
Resuscitation. 2013 Mar;84(3):351-6
pubmed: 22885094
Indian J Clin Biochem. 2012 Apr;27(2):186-90
pubmed: 23542317
Lancet Neurol. 2020 Sep;19(9):767-783
pubmed: 32622375
J Neurol. 2007 Aug;254(8):1026-32
pubmed: 17420923
Resuscitation. 2017 Dec;121:49-53
pubmed: 29017847
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020 Jul;89(1):80-86
pubmed: 32251265
Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1033-1034
pubmed: 32192578
J Infect Dis. 2017 May 1;215(9):1430-1434
pubmed: 28368532
Sports Med. 2014 Mar;44(3):369-85
pubmed: 24194479
Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Aug;88:945-946
pubmed: 32283294
J Neurotrauma. 2017 Jul 1;34(13):2187-2189
pubmed: 28322619
N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 23;382(17):e38
pubmed: 32268022
Acta Neuropathol. 2016 Feb;131(2):159-184
pubmed: 26659576
J Neurol. 2021 Feb;268(2):409-419
pubmed: 32696341
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Apr;20(8):1474-8
pubmed: 27160117
Blood Adv. 2020 Oct 27;4(20):4981-4989
pubmed: 33057633
J Sport Health Sci. 2017 Jun;6(2):225-230
pubmed: 30356585
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014 Oct;23(9):2437-43
pubmed: 25183561
PLoS One. 2013 Nov 19;8(11):e80296
pubmed: 24260364
Resuscitation. 2014 Dec;85(12):1654-61
pubmed: 25260722
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Aug;43:102216
pubmed: 32464585
Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2006 Sep;108(6):558-63
pubmed: 16457947
J Neurovirol. 2020 Aug;26(4):602-604
pubmed: 32572835
Clin Biochem. 2012 Nov;45(16-17):1302-7
pubmed: 22820433
Int J Med Sci. 2015 Jul 03;12(7):576-82
pubmed: 26180514
Eur J Neurol. 2020 Sep;27(9):e35-e36
pubmed: 32352618
Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:155-158
pubmed: 32389697
N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):e43
pubmed: 32294340
BMC Neurol. 2012 Aug 29;12:85
pubmed: 22931063
Neurosurgery. 2009 Oct;65(4):702-8
pubmed: 19834375
Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Aug 24;22(9):1653-1656
pubmed: 32399563
PLoS One. 2019 Dec 11;14(12):e0226276
pubmed: 31826005
N Engl J Med. 2020 May 14;382(20):e60
pubmed: 32343504
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020 Aug;91(8):846-848
pubmed: 32354770
J Neurotrauma. 2012 Apr 10;29(6):1096-104
pubmed: 22165978
World Neurosurg. 2020 Aug;140:46-48
pubmed: 32479911
J Neurotrauma. 2007 Feb;24(2):232-8
pubmed: 17375987
Clin Chem. 2017 Jan;63(1):377-385
pubmed: 27881450
Malar J. 2007 Nov 12;6:147
pubmed: 17997848
J Neurol Sci. 2004 Dec 15;227(1):49-53
pubmed: 15546591
Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011 Sep;12(5):572-9
pubmed: 21057367
JAMA Neurol. 2020 Jun 1;77(6):683-690
pubmed: 32275288
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020 Jul;41(7):1170-1172
pubmed: 32409316
Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020 Oct;8:100131
pubmed: 32864634
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020 Jun 10;7(5):
pubmed: 32522768
Resuscitation. 2009 Jul;80(7):790-4
pubmed: 19411130
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Jul 31;69(30):993-998
pubmed: 32730238
Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2013 Oct;16(4):504-8
pubmed: 24339568