Changes in clinical and microbiological parameters of the periodontium during initial stages of orthodontic movement in patients with treated severe periodontitis: A longitudinal site-level analysis.

Applying orthodontic braces makes oral hygiene difficult and increases plaque accumulation, frequently resulting in gingival inflammation. In patients with previous severe periodontitis, this inflammation overlaps with the pre-existing inflammatory challenge and can lead to further progression of periodontal attachment loss. The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal site-level changes as mirrored by clinical and microbiological parameters during the initial remodeling of alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament, produced as an effect of light orthodontic forces in adult patients with severe periodontal disease that underwent standard (non-surgical and conventional surgical) periodontal therapy. Thirteen patients with previously treated severe generalized periodontitis were given fixed orthodontic appliances for re-alignment of teeth misaligned or displaced during the course of periodontitis. Before insertion of orthodontic appliances and at 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, periodontal clinical parameters were recorded in the same deepest residual pocket of at least 3 mm in each patient. The same pocket was sampled at baseline and after 6 months of orthodontic treatment for the frequency of positive detection of

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