Performance of Expanded Newborn Screening in Norway Supported by Post-Analytical Bioinformatics Tools and Rapid Second-Tier DNA Analyses.

CLIR cut-off values dried blood spots newborn screening outcome second-tier DNA testing

Journal

International journal of neonatal screening
ISSN: 2409-515X
Titre abrégé: Int J Neonatal Screen
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101665400

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Sep 2020
Historique:
received: 15 05 2020
accepted: 22 06 2020
entrez: 30 10 2020
pubmed: 31 10 2020
medline: 31 10 2020
Statut: epublish

Résumé

In 2012, the Norwegian newborn screening program (NBS) was expanded (eNBS) from screening for two diseases to that for 23 diseases (20 inborn errors of metabolism, IEMs) and again in 2018, to include a total of 25 conditions (21 IEMs). Between 1 March 2012 and 29 February 2020, 461,369 newborns were screened for 20 IEMs in addition to phenylketonuria (PKU). Excluding PKU, there were 75 true-positive (TP) (1:6151) and 107 (1:4311) false-positive IEM cases. Twenty-one percent of the TP cases were symptomatic at the time of the NBS results, but in two-thirds, the screening result directed the exact diagnosis. Eighty-two percent of the TP cases had good health outcomes, evaluated in 2020. The yearly positive predictive value was increased from 26% to 54% by the use of the Region 4 Stork post-analytical interpretive tool (R4S)/Collaborative Laboratory Integrated Reports 2.0 (CLIR), second-tier biochemical testing and genetic confirmation using DNA extracted from the original dried blood spots. The incidence of IEMs increased by 46% after eNBS was introduced, predominantly due to the finding of attenuated phenotypes. The next step is defining which newborns would truly benefit from screening at the milder end of the disease spectrum. This will require coordinated international collaboration, including proper case definitions and outcome studies.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.3390/ijns6030051 PMID: 33123633 PMC: PMC7570219
pubmed: 33123633
doi: 10.3390/ijns6030051
pii: IJNS-06-00051
pmc: PMC7570219
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

51

Informations de copyright

© 2020 by the authors.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Conflicts of InterestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Auteurs

Trine Tangeraas (T)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).
ORCID: 0000-0003-3137-2117

Ingjerd Sæves (I)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Claus Klingenberg (C)

Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; Claus.Klingenberg@unn.no.
Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Artic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6950-1573

Jens Jørgensen (J)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Erle Kristensen (E)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).
Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Artic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.

Gunnþórunn Gunnarsdottir (G)

Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; gunngu@ous-hf.no (G.G.); rlilje@ous-hf.no (R.L.); trootwel@ous-hf.no (T.R.).

Eirik Vangsøy Hansen (EV)

Department of Paediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; eirik.vangsoey.hansen@helse-bergen.no.

Janne Strand (J)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Emma Lundman (E)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).
ORCID: 0000-0003-0077-2265

Sacha Ferdinandusse (S)

Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, AZ 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; s.ferdinandusse@amsterdamumc.nl.

Cathrin Lytomt Salvador (CL)

Norwegian National Unit for Diagnostics of Congenital Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; catsal@ous-hf.no (C.L.S.); bwoldset@ous-hf.no (B.W.); ybliksru@ous-hf.no (Y.T.B.).

Berit Woldseth (B)

Norwegian National Unit for Diagnostics of Congenital Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; catsal@ous-hf.no (C.L.S.); bwoldset@ous-hf.no (B.W.); ybliksru@ous-hf.no (Y.T.B.).

Yngve T Bliksrud (YT)

Norwegian National Unit for Diagnostics of Congenital Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; catsal@ous-hf.no (C.L.S.); bwoldset@ous-hf.no (B.W.); ybliksru@ous-hf.no (Y.T.B.).

Carlos Sagredo (C)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Øyvind E Olsen (ØE)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Mona C Berge (MC)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Anette Kjoshagen Trømborg (AK)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Anders Ziegler (A)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Jin Hui Zhang (JH)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Linda Karlsen Sørgjerd (LK)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Mari Ytre-Arne (M)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Silje Hogner (S)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Siv M Løvoll (SM)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Mette R Kløvstad Olavsen (MR)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Dionne Navarrete (D)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Hege J Gaup (HJ)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Rina Lilje (R)

Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; gunngu@ous-hf.no (G.G.); rlilje@ous-hf.no (R.L.); trootwel@ous-hf.no (T.R.).

Rolf H Zetterström (RH)

Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; rolf.zetterstrom@sll.se.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3016-0019

Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen (A)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Terje Rootwelt (T)

Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; gunngu@ous-hf.no (G.G.); rlilje@ous-hf.no (R.L.); trootwel@ous-hf.no (T.R.).
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.

Piero Rinaldo (P)

Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY 55902, USA; Rinaldo@mayo.edu.

Alexander D Rowe (AD)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).
ORCID: 0000-0001-6509-1175

Rolf D Pettersen (RD)

Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; insaev@ous-hf.no (I.S.); jejorgen@ous-hf.no (J.J.); erkris@ous-hf.no (E.K.); jstran@ous-hf.no (J.S.); emlund@ous-hf.no (E.L.); carsag@ous-hf.no (C.S.); oeols@ous-hf.no (Ø.E.O.); mocber@ous-hf.no (M.C.B.); ankjaa@ous-hf.no (A.K.T.); andzie@ous-hf.no (A.Z.); jinzha@ous-hf.no (J.H.Z.); likaso@ous-hf.no (L.K.S.); maytre@ous-hf.no (M.Y.-A.); silhog@ous-hf.no (S.H.); sivloe@ous-hf.no (S.M.L.); molafsen@ous-hf.no (M.R.K.O.); dionav@online.no (D.N.); junitagaup@hotmail.com (H.J.G.); astraype@ous-hf.no (A.S.-P.); alerow@ous-hf.no (A.D.R.); rdpetter@ous-hf.no (R.D.P.).

Classifications MeSH