How ubiquitous is the direct-gaze advantage? Evidence for an averted-gaze advantage in a gaze-discrimination task.
Averted gaze
Direct gaze
Gaze discrimination
Gaze processing
Social cognition
Journal
Attention, perception & psychophysics
ISSN: 1943-393X
Titre abrégé: Atten Percept Psychophys
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101495384
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2021
Jan 2021
Historique:
accepted:
09
09
2020
pubmed:
3
11
2020
medline:
13
2
2021
entrez:
2
11
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Human eye gaze conveys an enormous amount of socially relevant information, and the rapid assessment of gaze direction is of particular relevance in order to adapt behavior accordingly. Specifically, previous research demonstrated evidence for an advantage of processing direct (vs. averted) gaze. The present study examined discrimination performance for gaze direction (direct vs. averted) under controlled presentation conditions: Using a backward-masking gaze-discrimination task, photographs of faces with direct and averted gaze were briefly presented, followed by a mask stimulus. Additionally, effects of facial context on gaze discrimination were assessed by either presenting gaze direction in isolation (i.e., by only showing the eye region) or in the context of an upright or inverted face. Across three experiments, we consistently observed a facial context effect with highest discrimination performance for faces presented in upright position, lower performance for inverted faces, and lowest performance for eyes presented in isolation. Additionally, averted gaze was generally responded to faster and with higher accuracy than direct gaze, indicating an averted-gaze advantage. Overall, the results suggest that direct gaze is not generally associated with processing advantages, thereby highlighting the important role of presentation conditions and task demands in gaze perception.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33135097
doi: 10.3758/s13414-020-02147-3
pii: 10.3758/s13414-020-02147-3
pmc: PMC7875945
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
215-237Subventions
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : HU 1847/7-1
Références
Trends Cogn Sci. 2000 Feb;4(2):50-59
pubmed: 10652522
Neuroimage. 2016 Jan 1;124(Pt A):118-126
pubmed: 26343316
J Vis. 2016 Aug 1;16(10):18
pubmed: 27565015
Perception. 2004;33(10):1173-84
pubmed: 15693663
Cognition. 2013 Jun;127(3):383-90
pubmed: 23542411
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2008 Mar;61(3):491-504
pubmed: 17853198
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000 Aug;24(6):581-604
pubmed: 10940436
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2014 Jan;76(1):148-61
pubmed: 24132711
Psychol Bull. 1986 Jul;100(1):78-100
pubmed: 3526377
Psychol Bull. 2007 Jul;133(4):694-724
pubmed: 17592962
J Nonverbal Behav. 2012 Jun 1;36(2):123-134
pubmed: 24976664
Int J Psychophysiol. 2008 Nov;70(2):127-36
pubmed: 18804496
Psychon Bull Rev. 1994 Dec;1(4):476-90
pubmed: 24203555
Perception. 2000;29(8):1005-8
pubmed: 11145079
J Neurosci. 2015 Sep 30;35(39):13287-99
pubmed: 26424878
Vision Res. 2011 Jul 15;51(14):1686-98
pubmed: 21640747
Trends Cogn Sci. 2009 Apr;13(4):148-53
pubmed: 19285912
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2015 Aug;41(4):1084-94
pubmed: 26010593
Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Apr 15;61(8):996-1001
pubmed: 17161828
Cognition. 2000 Oct 16;77(1):B1-14
pubmed: 10980254
Psychol Sci. 2002 Sep;13(5):460-4
pubmed: 12219814
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2018 Oct;80(7):1654-1659
pubmed: 30155801
J Neuropsychol. 2008 Mar;2(Pt 1):165-81
pubmed: 19330049
Perception. 2003;32(10):1181-8
pubmed: 14700253
Q J Exp Psychol A. 2000 Aug;53(3):825-45
pubmed: 10994231
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2007 Jun;33(3):705-15
pubmed: 17563231
Nat Neurosci. 2000 Jan;3(1):80-4
pubmed: 10607399
Percept Psychophys. 2004 Jul;66(5):752-71
pubmed: 15495901
Exp Brain Res. 2005 Nov;167(1):49-55
pubmed: 16082532
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2015 Sep;160:134-40
pubmed: 26245915
Psychol Sci. 2014 Mar;25(3):720-7
pubmed: 24398595
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2019 Sep;10(5):e1500
pubmed: 30864304
Exp Brain Res. 2007 Oct;183(1):87-94
pubmed: 17624520
Psychol Res. 2021 Feb;85(1):302-321
pubmed: 31654137
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 9;99(14):9602-5
pubmed: 12082186
Brain. 1999 Apr;122 ( Pt 4):779-83
pubmed: 10219788
Psychon Bull Rev. 2016 Jun;23(3):817-23
pubmed: 26563394
Front Psychol. 2015 Oct 31;6:1691
pubmed: 26583003
Int J Psychophysiol. 2005 Jun;56(3):271-81
pubmed: 15866330
Perception. 1995;24(11):1297-313
pubmed: 8643334
Front Neurosci. 2019 May 24;13:517
pubmed: 31178686
Neuropsychologia. 2002;40(7):769-77
pubmed: 11900727
Perception. 1994;23(7):803-22
pubmed: 7845771
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2019 Aug;81(6):1991-2002
pubmed: 30903522
Cognition. 2011 May;119(2):307-11
pubmed: 21316650
Psychophysiology. 2008 Mar;45(2):318-26
pubmed: 17995905
Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91
pubmed: 17695343
Psychon Bull Rev. 2006 Apr;13(2):223-8
pubmed: 16892985
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 May 23;11:256
pubmed: 28588465
Trends Cogn Sci. 2009 Mar;13(3):127-34
pubmed: 19217822
Percept Psychophys. 2008 Oct;70(7):1298-304
pubmed: 18927011
Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 1999 Feb;31(1):137-49
pubmed: 10495845
Neuroimage. 1998 Aug;8(2):221-7
pubmed: 9740764
Am J Psychol. 1969 Dec;82(4):474-89
pubmed: 5398220
J Vis. 2011 Feb 25;11(2):
pubmed: 21367758
Cogn Sci. 2005 Nov 12;29(6):1045-60
pubmed: 21702802
Scand J Psychol. 1993 Mar;34(1):1-18
pubmed: 8322040
Conscious Cogn. 2012 Dec;21(4):1703-10
pubmed: 23117220
J Vis. 2014 Oct 23;14(12):
pubmed: 25342544
Br J Psychol. 1969 Nov;60(4):481-94
pubmed: 5358951
Exp Brain Res. 2012 Feb;216(3):433-43
pubmed: 22101495
J Vis. 2013 Apr 22;13(5):18
pubmed: 23608340
Perception. 2002;31(6):657-74
pubmed: 12092793
Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 31;7:41685
pubmed: 28139772
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009 Jun;33(6):843-63
pubmed: 19428496
Neuropsychologia. 2013 Jun;51(7):1161-8
pubmed: 23603242
Percept Psychophys. 2000 Nov;62(8):1572-95
pubmed: 11140180