The East Asian Paradox: An Updated Position Statement on the Challenges to the Current Antithrombotic Strategy in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.

East Asian patients have reduced anti-ischemic benefits and increased bleeding risk during antithrombotic therapies compared with Caucasian patients. As potent P2Y

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S.G. is a consultant for Janssen and Bristol-Myers Squibb. S.G. received research grant from Sanofi, Pfizer, and Ono, and independent research grant support from Bristol-Myers Squibb (33999603). S.G. also received personal fee from Thrombosis Research Institute (London, United Kingdom) as a member of Steering Committee for GARFIELD-AF and GARFIELD-VTE and from the American Heart Association as an associate editor. T.G. research is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) TRR 240 “Platelets—Molecular, Cellular and Systemic Functions in Health and Disease” (Project number 374031971). T.G. received personal fees from Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Ferrer, and Pfizer, and research grants and personal fees from Bayer Healthcare, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, and Eli Lilly. D.A.G. reports institutional grants from Bayer and BMS, and speaker fees from Bayer and AstraZeneca. G.Y.H. is a consultant for Bayer/Janssen, BMS/Pfizer, Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Verseon, and Daiichi-Sankyo; speaker for Bayer, BMS/Pfizer, Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Daiichi-Sankyo. No fees were directly received personally. D.A.J. has received consulting fees or honoraria from Amgen, Aralez, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biosensors, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chiesi, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Haemonetics, Janssen, Merck, PhaseBio, PLx Pharma, Pfizer, Sanofi, and The Medicines Company, and has received payments for participation in review activities from CeloNova and St. Jude Medical. He also declares that his institution has received research grants from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biosensors, CeloNova, CSL Behring, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Merck, Novartis, Osprey Medical, Renal Guard Solutions, and the Scott R. MacKenzie Foundation. G.P.A.G. reports serving as a consultant and receiving fees/honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo, Bayer, AstraZeneca, Merck, Boehringer, New Haven Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, and CSL, and receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health, Daiichi Sankyo, CSL, AstraZeneca, Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Haemonetics, New Haven Pharmaceuticals, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Sinnowa, and Coramed. P.A.G. has patents in the field of platelet function testing. M.H.J. has received honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo/Lilly, Haemonetics, Otsuka, Han-mi Pharmaceuticals, and Yuhan Pharmaceuticals, and research grants or support from AstraZeneca, Korean Society of Interventional Cardiology, Han-mi Pharmaceuticals, Yuhan Pharmaceuticals, Otsuka, and Haemonetics. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.