Morbidity of Nerve Transfers for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury: A Systematic Review.
Journal
Journal of pediatric orthopedics
ISSN: 1539-2570
Titre abrégé: J Pediatr Orthop
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8109053
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 Feb 2021
01 Feb 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
13
11
2020
medline:
15
5
2021
entrez:
12
11
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The purpose of this article is to systematically review the peer-reviewed literature on the morbidity of nerve transfers performed in patients with brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI). Nerve transfers for restoration of function in patients with BPBI that fail nonoperative management are increasing in popularity. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the morbidity of these transfers in the growing patient. The authors systematically review the current literature regarding donor site morbidity following nerve transfer for BPBI. A systematic review of the Medline and EMBASE databases was conducted through February 2020. Primary research articles written in English and reporting donor site morbidity after nerve transfer for BPBI were included for review. Thirty-six articles met inclusion criteria, all of which were retrospective reviews or case reports. There was great heterogeneity in outcomes assessed. With 5 year or less follow-up, all transfers were relatively well tolerated with the exception of the hypoglossal nerve transfer. Nerve transfers are a well-recognized treatment strategy for patients with BPBI and have an acceptable risk profile in the short term. Full hypoglossal nerve transfers for BPBI are of historical interest. Donor site morbidity is grossly underreported. This review highlights the need for more objective and systematic reporting of donor site outcomes, and the need for longer term follow-up in these patients. Systematic review. Level III-therapeutic.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this article is to systematically review the peer-reviewed literature on the morbidity of nerve transfers performed in patients with brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI). Nerve transfers for restoration of function in patients with BPBI that fail nonoperative management are increasing in popularity. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the morbidity of these transfers in the growing patient. The authors systematically review the current literature regarding donor site morbidity following nerve transfer for BPBI.
METHODS
METHODS
A systematic review of the Medline and EMBASE databases was conducted through February 2020. Primary research articles written in English and reporting donor site morbidity after nerve transfer for BPBI were included for review.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Thirty-six articles met inclusion criteria, all of which were retrospective reviews or case reports. There was great heterogeneity in outcomes assessed. With 5 year or less follow-up, all transfers were relatively well tolerated with the exception of the hypoglossal nerve transfer.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Nerve transfers are a well-recognized treatment strategy for patients with BPBI and have an acceptable risk profile in the short term. Full hypoglossal nerve transfers for BPBI are of historical interest. Donor site morbidity is grossly underreported. This review highlights the need for more objective and systematic reporting of donor site outcomes, and the need for longer term follow-up in these patients.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
METHODS
Systematic review. Level III-therapeutic.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33177353
pii: 01241398-202102000-00026
doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001705
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Systematic Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e188-e198Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Références
Abzug JM, Mehlman CT, Ying J. Assessment of current epidemiology and risk factors surrounding brachial plexus birth palsy. J Hand Surg Am. 2019;44:515.e1–515.e10.
Waters PM. Comparison of the natural history, the outcome of microsurgical repair, and the outcome of operative reconstruction in brachial plexus birth palsy. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1999;81:649–659.
Abzug JM, Kozin SH. Evaluation and management of brachial plexus birth palsy. Orthop Clin North Am. 2014;45:225–232.
Daly MC, Bauer AS, Lynch H, et al. Outcomes of late microsurgical nerve reconstruction for brachial plexus birth injury. J Hand Surg Am. 2020;45:555.e1–555.e9
Shah AS, Kalish LA, Bae DS, et al. Early predictors of microsurgical reconstruction in brachial plexus birth palsy. Iowa Orthop J. 2019;39:37–43.
Tse R, Kozin SH, Malessy MJ, et al. International federation of societies for surgery of the Hand Committee report: the role of nerve transfers in the treatment of neonatal brachial plexus palsy. J Hand Surg Am. 2015;40:1246–1259.
Maldonado AA, Bishop AT, Spinner RJ, et al. Five operations that give the best results after brachial plexus injury. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;140:545–556.
Semaya AE, El-Nakeeb R, Hasan M, et al. Intercostal nerve transfer in management of biceps and triceps cocontraction in spontaneously recovered obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Ann Plast Surg. 2019;83:447–451.
Pondaag W, Malessy MJA. Intercostal and pectoral nerve transfers to re-innervate the biceps muscle in obstetric brachial plexus lesions. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2014;39:647–652.
Luo P-B, Chen L, Zhou C-H, et al. Results of intercostal nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve in brachial plexus birth palsy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2011;31:884–888.
El-Gammal TA, Abdel-Latif MM, Kotb MM, et al. Intercostal nerve transfer in infants with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Microsurgery. 2008;28:499–504.
Kawabata H, Shibata T, Matsui Y, et al. Use of intercostal nerves for neurotization of the musculocutaneous nerve in infants with birth-related brachial plexus palsy. J Neurosurg. 2001;94:386–391.
O’Grady KM, Power HA, Olson JL, et al. Comparing the efficacy of triple nerve transfers with nerve graft reconstruction in upper trunk obstetric brachial plexus injury. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;140:747–756.
Zuckerman SL, Eli IM, Shah MN, et al. Radial to axillary nerve neurotization for brachial plexus injury in children: a combined case series. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014;14:518–526.
Ladak A, Morhart M, O’Grady K, et al. Distal nerve transfers are effective in treating patients with upper trunk obstetrical brachial plexus injuries: an early experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;132:6.
McRae MC, Borschel GH. Transfer of triceps motor branches of the radial nerve to the axillary nerve with or without other nerve transfers provides antigravity shoulder abduction in pediatric brachial plexus injury. Hand (N Y). 2012;7:186–190.
Al-Thunyan A, Al-Qattan MM, Al-Meshal O, et al. Hemi-hypoglossal nerve transfer for obstetric brachial plexus palsy: report of 3 cases. J Hand Surg Am. 2015;40:448–451.
Blaauw G, Sauter Y, Lacroix CLE, et al. Hypoglossal nerve transfer in obstetric brachial plexus palsy. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 2006;59:474–478.
Malessy MJ, Hoffmann CF, Thomeer RT. Initial report on the limited value of hypoglossal nerve transfer to treat brachial plexus root avulsions. J Neurosurg. 1999;91:601–604.
Wellons JC, Tubbs RS, Pugh JA, et al. Medial pectoral nerve to musculocutaneous nerve neurotization for the treatment of persistent birth-related brachial plexus palsy: an 11-year institutional experience - Clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2009;3:348–353.
Smith BW, Chulski NJ, Little AA, et al. Effect of fascicle composition on ulnar to musculocutaneous nerve transfer (Oberlin transfer) in neonatal brachial plexus palsy. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018;22:181–188.
Ghanghurde BA, Mehta R, Ladkat KM, et al. Distal transfers as a primary treatment in obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a series of 20 cases. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2016;41:875–881.
Figueiredo R, de M, Grechi G, et al. Oberlin’s procedure in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016;32:1085–1091.
Little KJ, Zlotolow DA, Soldado F, et al. Early functional recovery of elbow flexion and supination following median and/or ulnar nerve fascicle transfer in upper neonatal brachial plexus palsy. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2014;96:215–221.
Estrella EP, Mella PM. Double nerve transfer for elbow flexion in obstetric brachial plexus injury: a case report. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 2013;66:423–426.
Siqueira MG, Socolovsky M, Heise CO, et al. Efficacy and safety of Oberlin’s procedure in the treatment of brachial plexus birth palsy. Neurosurgery. 2012;71:1156–1160.
Al-Qattan MM, Thallaj A, Abdelhamid MM. Ulnar nerve to musculocutaneous nerve transfer in an ulnar ray-deficient infant with brachial plexus birth palsy: case report. J Hand Surg Am. 2010;35:1432–1434.
Shigematsu K, Yajima H, Kobata Y, et al. Oberlin partial ulnar nerve transfer for restoration in obstetric brachial plexus palsy of a newborn: case report. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2006;29:3.
Noaman HH, Shiha AE, Bahm J. Oberlin’s ulnar nerve transfer to the biceps motor nerve in obstetric brachial plexus palsy: indications, and good and bad results. Microsurgery. 2004;24:182–187.
Al-Qattan MM. Oberlin’s ulnar nerve transfer to biceps nerve in Erb’s birth palsy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;109:405–407.
Al-Qattan Al-Kharfy TM. Median nerve to biceps nerve transfer to restore elbow flexion in obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Biomed Res Int. 2014:854084.
Grossman JAI, Di Taranto P, Alfonso D, et al. Shoulder function following partial spinal accessory nerve transfer for brachial plexus birth injury. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2006;59:373–375.
Sommarhem AJ, Grahn PM, Nietosvaara YA. Selective neurotization of the infraspinatus muscle in brachial plexus birth injury patients using the accessory nerve. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136:1235–1238.
Ruchelsman DE, Ramos LE, Alfonso I, et al. Outcome following spinal accessory to suprascapular (spinoscapular) nerve transfer in infants with brachial plexus birth injuries. Hand (N Y). 2010;5:190–194.
Kawabata H, Kawai H, Masatomi T, et al. Accessory nerve neurotization in infants with brachial plexus birth palsy. Microsurgery. 1994;15:768–772.
Augustine HFM, Coroneos CJ, Choi M, et al. Adjunctive dorsal scapular nerve transfer to suprascapular nerve for brachial plexus birth injuries: case series. J Hand Surg Am. 2019;44:902.e1–902.e9.
Augustine H, Choi M, Bain J. Dorsal scapular nerve transfer to suprascapular nerve: a new method of restoring shoulder function. Plast Surg Case Stud. 2017. Doi: 10.1177/2513826X17751114.
doi: 10.1177/2513826X17751114
Vu AT, Sparkman DM, van Belle CJ, et al. Retropharyngeal contralateral C7 nerve transfer to the lower trunk for brachial plexus birth injury: technique and results. J Hand Surg Am. 2018;43:417–424.
Leblebicioglu G, Ayhan C, Firat T, et al. Recovery of upper extremity function following endoscopically assisted contralateral C7 transfer for obstetrical brachial plexus injury. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2016;41:863–874.
El-Gammal TA, El-Sayed A, Kotb MM, et al. Delayed selective neurotization for restoration of elbow and hand functions in late presenting obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2014;30:271–274.
Li W, Wang S, Zhao J, et al. Complications of contralateral C-7 transfer through the modified prespinal route for repairing brachial plexus root avulsion injury: a retrospective study of 425 patients. J Neurosurg. 2015;122:1421–1428.
Lin H, Hou C, Chen D. Contralateral C7 transfer for the treatment of upper obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. Pediatr Surg Int. 2011;27:997–1001.
Lin H, Hou C, Chen D. Modified C7 neurotization for the treatment of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. Muscle Nerve. 2010;42:764–768.
Chen L, Gu Y-D, Hu S-N, et al. Contralateral C7 transfer for the treatment of brachial plexus root avulsions in children - a report of 12 cases. J Hand Surg Am. 2007;32:96–103.
Gibon E, Romana C, Vialle R, et al. Isolated C5-C6 avulsion in obstetric brachial plexus palsy treated by ipsilateral C7 neurotization to the upper trunk: outcomes at a mean follow-up of 9 years. J Hand Surg Eur. 2016;41:185–190.
Clarke HM, Al-Qattan MM, Curtis CG, et al. Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy: results following neurolysis of conducting neuromas-in-continuity. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996;97:974–982; discussion 983–984.
Al-Qattan MM, Clarke HM, Curtis CG. The prognostic value of concurrent phrenic nerve palsy in newborn children with Erb’s palsy. J Hand Surg Br. 1998;23:225.
Al-Qattan MM, El-Sayed AAF. The use of the phrenic nerve communicating branch to the fifth cervical root for nerve transfer to the suprascapular nerve in infants with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:153182.
Burns PB, Rohrich RJ, Chung KC. The levels of evidence and their role in evidence-based medicine. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;128:305–310.
Bae DS, Waters PM, Zurakowski D. Reliability of three classification systems measuring active motion in brachial plexus birth palsy. J Bone Jt Surg. 2003;85:1733–1738.
Corkum JP, Kuta V, Tang DT, et al. Sensory outcomes following brachial plexus birth palsy: a systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2017;70:987–995.
Anguelova GV, Malessy MJA, van Dijk JG. Sensory deficit in conservatively treated neonatal brachial plexus palsy patients. Pediatr Neurol. 2016. Doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.06.003
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.06.003
Beltramini A, Milojevic K, Pateron D. Pain assessment in newborns, infants, and children. Pediatr Ann. 2017;46:e387–e395.
McDaid PJ, Kozin SH, Thoder JJ, et al. Upper extremity limb-length discrepancy in brachial plexus palsy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2002;22:364–366.
Bae DS, Ferretti M, Waters PM. Upper extremity size differences in brachial plexus birth palsy. Hand. 2008;3:297–303.
Hosbay Z, Ozkan S, Tanriverdi M, et al. Reliability and validity of the brachial plexus outcome measure in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. J Hand Ther. 2019;32:382–387.
Mulcahey MJ, Kozin S, Merenda L, et al. Evaluation of the box and blocks test, stereognosis and item banks of activity and upper extremity function in youths with brachial plexus birth palsy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(suppl 2):S114–S122.