Coronavirus disease 2019 and asthma, allergic rhinitis: molecular mechanisms and host-environmental interactions.
Journal
Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology
ISSN: 1473-6322
Titre abrégé: Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 100936359
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 02 2021
01 02 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
14
11
2020
medline:
8
1
2021
entrez:
13
11
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus), is a pandemic in over 120 countries worldwide. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 include older age, ethnicity, sex, comorbidities, and living conditions. Although asthmatics and those with allergies are susceptible to more severe outcomes to viral infections, interestingly, asthma has not been reported to be a major comorbidity of COVID-19. However, there are some conflicting reports on the impact of asthma on COVID-19. The underlying immunological and molecular mechanisms may explain at least in part these observations. Furthermore, environmental factors like air pollution that have detrimental effects on asthma and respiratory illnesses also have an impact on COVID-19. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor for the attachment and entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells that is upregulated by Th1-mediated responses. In asthmatics, ACE2 gene expression is generally reduced and recent studies have shown a negative correlation between the levels of Th2 cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in airway epithelial cells and other type 2 biomarkers with ACE2 expression. This may explain in part the potential protective role of asthma on COVID-19. Here, we review the relation of respiratory viral illnesses and asthma, the immune-molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the impact of asthma on COVID-19 and that of SARS-CoV-2 on asthma and allergic rhinitis, and the impact of environmental factors like air pollution on COVID-19. Expression of ACE2 in airway epithelial cells in SARS-COV-2 is influenced by inflammatory profile. Respiratory allergic diseases like asthma appear to have a protective effect against SARS-COV-2 infection. However, the clinical association between asthma and SARS-COV-2 is not fully established and the underlying immune-molecular mechanisms may explain these observations.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33186186
pii: 00130832-202102000-00002
doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000699
doi:
Substances chimiques
Cytokines
0
ACE2 protein, human
EC 3.4.17.23
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
EC 3.4.17.23
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1-7Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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