The synapse in traumatic brain injury.
astrocyte
inflammation
microglia
synaptome
synaptopathy
Journal
Brain : a journal of neurology
ISSN: 1460-2156
Titre abrégé: Brain
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0372537
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 02 2021
12 02 2021
Historique:
received:
02
10
2019
revised:
05
08
2020
accepted:
06
08
2020
pubmed:
14
11
2020
medline:
21
4
2021
entrez:
13
11
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and is a risk factor for dementia later in life. Research into the pathophysiology of TBI has focused on the impact of injury on the neuron. However, recent advances have shown that TBI has a major impact on synapse structure and function through a combination of the immediate mechanical insult and the ensuing secondary injury processes, leading to synapse loss. In this review, we highlight the role of the synapse in TBI pathophysiology with a focus on the confluence of multiple secondary injury processes including excitotoxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress. The primary insult triggers a cascade of events in each of these secondary processes and we discuss the complex interplay that occurs at the synapse. We also examine how the synapse is impacted by traumatic axonal injury and the role it may play in the spread of tau after TBI. We propose that astrocytes play a crucial role by mediating both synapse loss and recovery. Finally, we highlight recent developments in the field including synapse molecular imaging, fluid biomarkers and therapeutics. In particular, we discuss advances in our understanding of synapse diversity and suggest that the new technology of synaptome mapping may prove useful in identifying synapses that are vulnerable or resistant to TBI.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33186462
pii: 5981489
doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa321
pmc: PMC7880663
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
18-31Subventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 202932
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) (2020). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.
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