The role of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in neuroinflammation.
Gut microbiota
dietary high-salt
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
multiple sclerosis
short-chain fatty acids
Journal
European journal of immunology
ISSN: 1521-4141
Titre abrégé: Eur J Immunol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 1273201
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2020
12 2020
Historique:
received:
09
02
2020
revised:
30
09
2020
accepted:
10
11
2020
pubmed:
15
11
2020
medline:
30
1
2021
entrez:
14
11
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Recent literature indicates a potential importance of the gut microbiota for immune-mediated diseases. For instance, decreased diversity of commensals or an outgrowth of some bacterial strains, referred to as gut dysbiosis, was recently linked to hypertension, colitis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as pivotal animal model of MS revealed a potential importance of microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids or tryptophan metabolites. Both metabolites may influence the disease by modulation of the immune system, mainly by inducing Treg. These studies prompted researchers to investigate the contribution of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in the pathogenesis of MS. This review summarizes recent findings on the gut microbiota in MS patients and discusses the potential mechanisms how microbial metabolites may affect neuroinflammation. Many of these studies have been performed in the EAE model and were later reversely translated to humans. We also give a short summary on dietary high-salt effects on microbiota components and discuss the potential relevance of high-salt as a risk factor in MS.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33188704
doi: 10.1002/eji.201847807
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1863-1870Informations de copyright
© 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Immunology published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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