Lifetime cancer prevalence and life history traits in mammals.
Peto's Paradox
cancer
comparative oncology
life history theory
mammals
Journal
Evolution, medicine, and public health
ISSN: 2050-6201
Titre abrégé: Evol Med Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101616698
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
23
12
2019
accepted:
19
05
2020
entrez:
19
11
2020
pubmed:
20
11
2020
medline:
20
11
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Cancer is a common diagnosis in many mammalian species, yet they vary in their vulnerability to cancer. The factors driving this variation are unknown, but life history theory offers potential explanations to why cancer defense mechanisms are not equal across species. Here we report the prevalence of neoplasia and malignancy in 37 mammalian species, representing 11 mammalian orders, using 42 years of well curated necropsy data from the San Diego Zoo and San Diego Zoo Safari Park. We collected data on life history components of these species and tested for associations between life history traits and both neoplasia and malignancy, while controlling for phylogenetic history. These results support Peto's paradox, in that we find no association between lifespan and/or body mass and the prevalence of neoplasia or malignancy. However, a positive relationship exists between litter size and prevalence of malignancy (P = 0.005, Adj. R2 = 0.212), suggesting that a species' life history strategy may influence cancer vulnerabilities. Lastly, we tested for the relationship between placental invasiveness and malignancy. We find no evidence for an association between placental depth and malignancy prevalence (P = 0.618, Adj. R2 = 0.068). Life history theory offers a powerful framework to understand variation in cancer defenses across the tree of life. These findings provide insight into the relationship between life history traits and cancer vulnerabilities, which suggest a trade-off between reproduction and cancer defenses. Why are some mammals more vulnerable to cancer than others? We test whether life history trade-offs may explain this variation in cancer risk. Bigger, longer-lived animals do not develop more cancer compared to smaller, shorter-lived animals. However, we find a positive association between litter size and cancer prevalence in mammals.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Cancer is a common diagnosis in many mammalian species, yet they vary in their vulnerability to cancer. The factors driving this variation are unknown, but life history theory offers potential explanations to why cancer defense mechanisms are not equal across species.
METHODOLOGY
METHODS
Here we report the prevalence of neoplasia and malignancy in 37 mammalian species, representing 11 mammalian orders, using 42 years of well curated necropsy data from the San Diego Zoo and San Diego Zoo Safari Park. We collected data on life history components of these species and tested for associations between life history traits and both neoplasia and malignancy, while controlling for phylogenetic history.
RESULTS
RESULTS
These results support Peto's paradox, in that we find no association between lifespan and/or body mass and the prevalence of neoplasia or malignancy. However, a positive relationship exists between litter size and prevalence of malignancy (P = 0.005, Adj. R2 = 0.212), suggesting that a species' life history strategy may influence cancer vulnerabilities. Lastly, we tested for the relationship between placental invasiveness and malignancy. We find no evidence for an association between placental depth and malignancy prevalence (P = 0.618, Adj. R2 = 0.068).
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Life history theory offers a powerful framework to understand variation in cancer defenses across the tree of life. These findings provide insight into the relationship between life history traits and cancer vulnerabilities, which suggest a trade-off between reproduction and cancer defenses.
LAY SUMMARY
BACKGROUND
Why are some mammals more vulnerable to cancer than others? We test whether life history trade-offs may explain this variation in cancer risk. Bigger, longer-lived animals do not develop more cancer compared to smaller, shorter-lived animals. However, we find a positive association between litter size and cancer prevalence in mammals.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33209304
doi: 10.1093/emph/eoaa015
pii: eoaa015
pmc: PMC7652303
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
187-195Subventions
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : U54 CA217376
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : R01 CA185138
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : U2C CA233254
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : P01 CA091955
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : R01 CA170595
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : R01 CA140657
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Foundation for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health.
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