The Change in Core Temperature and Sweating Response during Exercise Are Unaffected by Time of Day within the Wake Period.
Journal
Medicine and science in sports and exercise
ISSN: 1530-0315
Titre abrégé: Med Sci Sports Exerc
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8005433
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 06 2021
01 06 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
5
12
2020
medline:
24
8
2021
entrez:
4
12
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Exercise thermoregulation studies typically control for time of day. The present study assessed whether circadian rhythm independently alters time-dependent changes in core temperature and sweating during exercise at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production (Hprod) during the wake period. Ten men (26 ± 2 yr, 76.6 ± 6.3 kg, 1.95 ± 0.10 m2) cycled for 60 min in three combinations of ambient temperature and Hprod (23°C-7.5 W·kg-1, 33°C-5.5 W·kg-1, and 33°C-7.5 W·kg-1) at two times of day (a.m.: 0800 h, p.m.: 1600 h). Rectal temperature (Tre), local sweat rate, and whole-body sweat losses were measured. Absolute Tre was lower at baseline in a.m. versus p.m. for all three conditions (a.m.: 36.8°C ± 0.2°C, p.m.: 37.0°C ± 0.2°C, P < 0.01). The ΔTre was not altered by time of day (P > 0.22) and not different at 60 min between a.m. and p.m. for 23°C-7.5 W·kg-1 (a.m.: 0.83°C ± 0.14°C, p.m.: 0.75°C ± 0.20°C; P = 0.20), 33°C-5.5 W·kg-1 (a.m.: 0.51°C ± 0.14°C, p.m.: 0.47°C ± 0.14°C; P = 0.22), and 33°C-7.5 W·kg-1 (a.m.: 0.77°C ± 0.20°C, p.m.: 0.73°C ± 0.21°C; P = 0.80). The change in local sweat rate was unaffected by time of day (P > 0.16) and not different at 60 min in 23°C-7.5 W·kg-1 (a.m.: 0.67 ± 0.20 mg·cm-2·min-1, p.m.: 0.62 ± 0.21 mg·cm-2·min-1; P = 0.55), 33°C-5.5 W·kg-1 (a.m.: 0.59 ± 0.13 mg·cm-2·min-1, p.m.: 0.57 ± 0.12 mg·cm-2·min-1; P = 0.65), and 33°C-7.5 W·kg-1 (a.m.: 0.91 ± 0.19 mg·cm-2·min-1, p.m.: 0.84 ± 0.15 mg·cm-2·min-1; P = 0.33). Whole-body sweat loss was not different between a.m. and p.m. for 23°C-7.5 W·kg-1 (a.m.: 579 ± 72 g, p.m.: 579 ± 96 g; P = 0.99), 33°C-5.5 W·kg-1 (a.m.: 558 ± 48 g, p.m.: 555 ± 83 g; P = 0.89), and 33°C-7.5 W·kg-1 (a.m.: 796 ± 72 g, p.m.: 783 ± 75 g; P = 0.31). The change in core temperature and sweating throughout a 60-min exercise bout in 23°C and 33°C were unaffected by circadian rhythm during the wake period when exercise intensity was prescribed to elicit comparable rates of Hprod, suggesting that scheduling thermoregulatory exercise trials for the same time of day is unnecessary.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33273272
pii: 00005768-202106000-00021
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002575
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1285-1293Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 by the American College of Sports Medicine.
Références
Best S, Caillaud C, Thompson M. The effect of ageing and fitness on thermoregulatory response to high-intensity exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports . 2012;22(4):e29–37.
Ho CW, Beard JL, Farrell PA, Minson CT, Kenney WL. Age, fitness, and regional blood flow during exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol . 1997;82(4):1126–35.
Gagnon D, Kenny GP. Sex differences in thermoeffector responses during exercise at fixed requirements for heat loss. J Appl Physiol . 2012;113(5):746–57.
Ichinose-Kuwahara T, Inoue Y, Iseki Y, Hara S, Ogura Y, Kondo N. Sex differences in the effects of physical training on sweat gland responses during a graded exercise. Exp Physiol . 2010;95(10):1026–32.
Carter MR, Mcginn R, Barrera-Ramirez J, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP. Impairments in local heat loss in type 1 diabetes during exercise in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2014;46(12):2224–33.
Stachenfeld NS, Yeckel CW, Taylor HS. Greater exercise sweating in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with obese controls. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2010;42(9):1660–8.
Cramer MN, Jay O. Selecting the correct exercise intensity for unbiased comparisons of thermoregulatory responses between groups of different mass and surface area. J Appl Physiol . 2014;116(9):1123–32.
Dervis S, Coombs GB, Chaseling GK, Filingeri D, Smoljanic J, Jay O. A comparison of thermoregulatory responses to exercise between mass-matched groups with large differences in body fat. J Appl Physiol . 2016;120(6):615–23.
Jay O, Bain AR, Deren TM, Sacheli M, Cramer MN. Large differences in peak oxygen uptake do not independently alter changes in core temperature and sweating during exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol . 2011;301(3):R832–41.
Coombs GB, Cramer MN, Ravanelli N, Imbeault P, Jay O. Thermoregulatory responses to exercise at a fixed rate of heat production are not altered by acute hypoxia. J Appl Physiol . 2017;122(5):1198–207.
Ravanelli N, Coombs G, Imbeault P, Jay O. Thermoregulatory adaptations with progressive heat acclimation are predominantly evident in uncompensable, but not compensable, conditions. J Appl Physiol . 2019;127(4):1095–106.
Smoljanić J, Morris NB, Dervis S, Jay O. Running economy, not aerobic fitness, independently alters thermoregulatory responses during treadmill running. J Appl Physiol . 2014;117(12):1451–9.
Suzuki A, Okazaki K, Imai D, et al. Thermoregulatory responses are attenuated after fructose but not glucose intake. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2014;46(7):1452–61.
Ely BR, Blanchard LA, Steele JR, Francisco MA, Cheuvront SN, Minson CT. Physiological responses to overdressing and exercise-heat stress in trained runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2018;50(6):1285–96.
Refinetti R, Menaker M. The circadian rhythm of body temperature. Physiol Behav . 1992;51(3):613–37.
Waterhouse J, Edwards B, Bedford P, et al. Thermoregulation during mild exercise at different circadian times. Chronobiol Int . 2004;21(2):253–75.
Torii M, Nakayama H, Sasaki T. Thermoregulation of exercising men in the morning rise and evening fall phases of internal temperature. Br J Sports Med . 1995;29(2):113–20.
Aldemir H, Atkinson G, Cable T, Edwards B, Waterhouse J, Reilly T. A comparison of the immediate effects of moderate exercise in the late morning and late afternoon on core temperature and cutaneous thermoregulatory mechanisms. Chronobiol Int . 2000;17(2):197–207.
Niwa K-I, Nakayama T, Ohnuki Y, Midorikawa T. Circadian variation of thermoregulatory responses during exercise in male. Jpn J Phys Fit Sports Med . 1982;31(4):258–65.
Timbal J, Colin J, Boutelier C. Circadian variations in the sweating mechanism. J Appl Physiol . 1975;39(2):226–30.
Waterhouse J, Aizawa S, Nevill A, et al. Rectal temperature, distal sweat rate, and forearm blood flow following mild exercise at two phases of the circadian cycle. Chronobiol Int . 2007;24(1):63–85.
Ravanelli N, Imbeault P, Jay O. Steady-state sweating during exercise is determined by the evaporative requirement for heat balance independently of absolute core and skin temperatures. J Physiol . 2020;598(13):2607–19.
Gagnon D, Jay O, Kenny GP. The evaporative requirement for heat balance determines whole-body sweat rate during exercise under conditions permitting full evaporation. J Physiol . 2013;591(11):2925–35.
Reilly T, Garrett R. Effects of time of day on self-paced performances of prolonged exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness . 1995;35(2):99–102.
Reilly T, Garrett R. Investigation of diurnal variation in sustained exercise performance. Ergonomics . 1998;41(8):1085–94.
Aoki K, Shiojiri T, Shibasaki M, Takano S, Kondo N, Iwata A. The effect of diurnal variation on the regional differences in sweating and skin blood flow during exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol . 1995;71(2-3):276–80.
Ramanathan NL. A new weighting system for mean surface temperature of the human body. J Appl Physiol . 1964;19(3):531–3.
Kenefick RW, Cheuvront SN. Hydration for recreational sport and physical activity. Nutr Rev . 2012;70:S137–42.
Cramer MN, Jay O. Partitional calorimetry. J Appl Physiol . 2019;126(2):267–77.
DuBois D, Dubois E. A formula to estimate surface area if height and weight are known. Arch Intern Med . 1916;17:863–71.
Fanger PO. Calculation of thermal comfort: introduction of a basic comfort equation. ASHRAE Trans . 1967;73(2).
Morgan DW, Bransford DR, Costill DL, Daniels JT, Howley ET, Krahenbuhl GS. Variation in the aerobic demand of running among trained and untrained subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1995;27(3):404–9.
Montain SJ, Latzka WA, Sawka MN. Control of thermoregulatory sweating is altered by hydration level and exercise intensity. J Appl Physiol . 1995;79(5):1434–9.
Gagnon D, Kenny GP. Sex modulates whole-body sudomotor thermosensitivity during exercise. J Physiol . 2011;589(24):6205–17.
Anderson RK, Kenney WL. Effect of age on heat-activated sweat gland density and flow during exercise in dry heat. J Appl Physiol . 1987;63(3):1089–94.
Lei T-H, Stannard SR, Perry BG, Schlader ZJ, Cotter JD, Mündel T. Influence of menstrual phase and arid vs. humid heat stress on autonomic and behavioural thermoregulation during exercise in trained but unacclimated women. J Physiol . 2016;595(9):2823–37.