Gender differences in waterpipe tobacco smoking among university students in four Eastern Mediterranean countries.
EMR
hookah
shisha
waterpipe
youth
Journal
Tobacco induced diseases
ISSN: 1617-9625
Titre abrégé: Tob Induc Dis
Pays: Greece
ID NLM: 101201591
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
26
07
2020
revised:
27
10
2020
accepted:
29
10
2020
entrez:
10
12
2020
pubmed:
11
12
2020
medline:
11
12
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Males have a higher prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) than females in most Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries, with a smaller gender gap than that of cigarette smoking. The objective of this study was to determine gender differences among university students with respect to WTS initiation, smoking behavior, tobacco flavors, and expenditure on WTS, in four EMR countries. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted based on convenient samples of ever waterpipe smokers among university students in four EMR countries (Egypt, Jordan, Occupied Palestinian Territories, and the United Arab Emirates) in 2016. The total samples included 2470 participants. Study participants were invited through flyers, university portals, emails and Facebook, followed by emails with links to the internet survey. Females (80.4%) were more likely than males (66.4%, p<0.001) to be in the younger age group (18-22 years) and they were less likely to be current waterpipe smokers (females, 60.0%; males 69.5%, p<0.001). Two-thirds of students across both genders smoked their first waterpipe at the age of 15-19 years, with more females starting with family members. Over one-third of males and 14.9% of the females usually smoked ≥10 heads (p<0.001). About half (46.6%) of females smoked for less than half an hour compared to 30.5% of males (p<0.001). Only 1% of females smoked non-flavored tobacco compared to 11% of males (p<0.001). There was a significant (p=0.05) positive correlation (r=0.808) with respect to tobacco flavor usually smoked between males and females with apple/double apple being the most popular. There were gender differences in WTS in several aspects. The study has implications for educational establishments, tobacco control and women civil society groups, as well as policymakers.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33299390
doi: 10.18332/tid/129266
pii: 100
pmc: PMC7720794
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
100Informations de copyright
© 2020 Hamadeh R.R. et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none was reported.
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