Sarcoidosis and Cancer: A Complex Relationship.
checkpoint inhibitor
granulomatosis
lymphoma
neoplasia
sarcoidosis
Journal
Frontiers in medicine
ISSN: 2296-858X
Titre abrégé: Front Med (Lausanne)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101648047
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
12
08
2020
accepted:
30
10
2020
entrez:
17
12
2020
pubmed:
18
12
2020
medline:
18
12
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in various organs, mainly the lungs, and the lymphatic system. Since the individualization of sarcoidosis-lymphoma association by Brincker et al., the relationship between sarcoidosis or granulomatous syndromes and malignancies has been clarified through observational studies worldwide. Two recent meta-analyses showed an increased risk of neoplasia in sarcoidosis. The granulomatosis can also reveal malignancy, either solid or hematological, defining paraneoplastic sarcoidosis. Recent cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (targeting PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4) and BRAF or MEK inhibitors were also reported as possible inducers of sarcoidosis-like reactions. Sarcoidosis and neoplasia, especially lymphoma, can show overlapping presentations, thus making the diagnosis and treatment harder to deal with. There are currently no formal recommendations to guide the differential diagnosis workup between the evolution of lymphoma or a solid cancer and a granulomatous reaction associated with neoplasia. Thus, in atypical presentations (e.g., deeply impaired condition, compressive lymphadenopathy, atypical localization, unexplained worsening lymphadenopathy, or splenomegaly), and treatment-resistant disease, targeted biopsies on suspect localizations with histological examination could help the clinician to differentiate neoplasia from sarcoidosis. Pathological diagnosis could sometimes be challenging since very few tumor cells may be surrounded by massive granulomatous reaction. The sensitization of currently available diagnostic tools should improve the diagnostic accuracy, such as the use of more "cancer-specific" radioactive tracers coupled with Positron Emission Tomography scan.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33330555
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.594118
pmc: PMC7732692
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
594118Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 El Jammal, Pavic, Gerfaud-Valentin, Jamilloux and Sève.
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