Detection of maple toxins in mare's milk.
atypical myopathy
horse milk
hypoglycin A
methylenecyclopropylglycine
Journal
Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
Titre abrégé: J Vet Intern Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8708660
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2021
Jan 2021
Historique:
received:
18
08
2020
revised:
03
12
2020
accepted:
03
12
2020
pubmed:
19
12
2020
medline:
29
6
2021
entrez:
18
12
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Plants from the Sapindaceae family that are consumed by horses (maple) and humans (ackee and litchi) are known to contain the toxins hypoglycin A and methylenecyclopropylglycine which cause seasonally occurring myopathy in horses and entero-encephalopathic sickness in humans. Vertical transmission of these toxins from a mare to her foal has been described once. However the mare's milk was not available for analysis in this case. We investigated mare's milk in a similar case. We hypothesized that hypoglycin A and methylenecyclopropylglycine, like other amino acids' are secreted into the milk. Mare with atypical myopathy. A sample of the mare's milk and 6 commercial horse milk samples were extracted with a methanolic standard solution and analyzed for hypoglycin A, methylenecyclopropylglycine, and metabolites using tandem mass spectrometry after column chromatographic separation. There were hypoglycin A (0.4 μg/L) and the associated metabolites methylenecyclopropylacetyl glycine and carnitine (18.5 and 24.6 μg/L) plus increased concentrations of several acylcarnitines in the milk. The milk also contained methylenecyclopropylformyl glycine and carnitine (0.8 and 60 μg/L). The latter substances were also detected in 1 of 6 commercial horse milk samples. Transmission of the maple toxins can occur through mare's milk. Vertical transmission of Sapindacea toxins might also have importance for human medicine, for example, after consumption of ackee or litchi.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Plants from the Sapindaceae family that are consumed by horses (maple) and humans (ackee and litchi) are known to contain the toxins hypoglycin A and methylenecyclopropylglycine which cause seasonally occurring myopathy in horses and entero-encephalopathic sickness in humans. Vertical transmission of these toxins from a mare to her foal has been described once. However the mare's milk was not available for analysis in this case. We investigated mare's milk in a similar case.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that hypoglycin A and methylenecyclopropylglycine, like other amino acids' are secreted into the milk.
ANIMALS
METHODS
Mare with atypical myopathy.
METHODS
METHODS
A sample of the mare's milk and 6 commercial horse milk samples were extracted with a methanolic standard solution and analyzed for hypoglycin A, methylenecyclopropylglycine, and metabolites using tandem mass spectrometry after column chromatographic separation.
RESULTS
RESULTS
There were hypoglycin A (0.4 μg/L) and the associated metabolites methylenecyclopropylacetyl glycine and carnitine (18.5 and 24.6 μg/L) plus increased concentrations of several acylcarnitines in the milk. The milk also contained methylenecyclopropylformyl glycine and carnitine (0.8 and 60 μg/L). The latter substances were also detected in 1 of 6 commercial horse milk samples.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
CONCLUSIONS
Transmission of the maple toxins can occur through mare's milk. Vertical transmission of Sapindacea toxins might also have importance for human medicine, for example, after consumption of ackee or litchi.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33336854
doi: 10.1111/jvim.16004
pmc: PMC7848382
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
606-609Informations de copyright
© 2020 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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