Exposure to different early-life stress experiences results in differentially altered DNA methylation in the brain and immune system.
Blood
Brain
Childhood maltreatment
Clinical psychology
Early-life stress
Epigenetics
Global DNA methylation
Major depression
Substance use disorder
Journal
Neurobiology of stress
ISSN: 2352-2895
Titre abrégé: Neurobiol Stress
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101643409
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2020
Nov 2020
Historique:
received:
28
05
2020
revised:
15
07
2020
accepted:
26
08
2020
entrez:
21
12
2020
pubmed:
22
12
2020
medline:
22
12
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The existence of a proportional relationship between the number of early-life stress (ELS) events experienced and the impoverishment of child mental health has been hypothesized. However, different types of ELS experiences may be associated with different neuro-psycho-biological impacts, due to differences in the intrinsic nature of the stress. DNA methylation is one of the molecular mechanisms that have been implicated in the "translation" of ELS exposure into neurobiological and behavioral abnormalities during adulthood. Here, we investigated whether different ELS experiences resulted in differential impacts on global DNA methylation levels in the brain and blood samples from mice and humans. ELS exposure in mice resulted in observable changes in adulthood, with exposure to social isolation inducing more dramatic alterations in global DNA methylation levels in several brain structures compared with exposure to a social threatening environment. Moreover, these two types of stress resulted in differential impacts on the epigenetic programming of different brain regions and cellular populations, namely microglia. In a pilot clinical study, blood global DNA methylation levels and exposure to childhood neglect or abuse were investigated in patients presenting with major depressive disorder or substance use disorder. A significant effect of the mental health diagnosis on global methylation levels was observed, but no effect of either childhood abuse or neglect was detected. These findings demonstrate that different types of ELS have differential impacts on epigenetic programming, through DNA methylation in specific brain regions, and that these differential impacts are associated with the different behavioral outcomes observed after ELS experiences.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33344704
doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100249
pii: S2352-2895(20)30039-4
pmc: PMC7739045
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
100249Informations de copyright
© 2020 The Authors.
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