Does Muscle-Tendon Unit Structure Predispose to Hamstring Strain Injury During Running? A Critical Review.


Journal

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
ISSN: 1179-2035
Titre abrégé: Sports Med
Pays: New Zealand
ID NLM: 8412297

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Feb 2021
Historique:
accepted: 09 11 2020
pubmed: 29 12 2020
medline: 25 5 2021
entrez: 28 12 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Hamstring strain injury (HSI) remains the most common muscle injury in high-intensity running in humans. The majority of acute HSI occur specifically within the proximal region of the long head of biceps femoris and there is a sustained interest among researchers in understanding the factors that predispose to HSI. The present critical review describes the current understanding of biceps femoris long head (BFlh) structural features that might influence strain injury risk. Inter-individual differences in muscle-tendon architecture and interactions, muscle fiber type and region-specific innervation are likely to influence biceps femoris long head injury risk and might inform why some individuals are at an increased risk of sustaining a HSI during running. However, more research is needed, with future studies focusing on prospective data acquisition, improved computer simulations and direct imaging techniques to better understand the relationship between structural features, hamstring muscle function, and injury risk.

Identifiants

pubmed: 33368028
doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01385-7
pii: 10.1007/s40279-020-01385-7
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

215-224

Références

Entwisle T, Ling Y, Splatt A, Brukner P, Connell D. Distal musculotendinous T junction injuries of the biceps femoris: an MRI case review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2017;5:2325967117714998.
pubmed: 28795071 pmcid: 5524253
Arner JW, McClincy MP, Bradley JP. hamstring injuries in athletes: evidence-based treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2019;27:868–77.
pubmed: 31283532
Timmins RG, Bourne MN, Shield AJ, Williams MD, Lorenzen C, Opar DA. Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): a prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:1524–35.
pubmed: 26675089
Van Crombrugge G, Duvivier BM, Van Crombrugge K, Bellemans J, Peers K. Hamstring injury prevention in Belgian and English elite football teams. Acta Orthop Belg. 2019;85:373–80.
pubmed: 31677635
Askling CM, Tengvart M, Saartok T, Thorstensson A. Acute first-time hamstring strains during high-speed running—a longitudinal study including clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:197–206.
pubmed: 17170160
Beltran L, Ghazikhanian V, Padron M, Beltran J. The proximal hamstring muscle-tendon-bone unit: a review of the normal anatomy, biomechanics, and pathophysiology. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81:3772–9.
pubmed: 21524864
Silder A, Heiderscheit BC, Thelen DG, Enright T, Tuite MJ. MR observations of long-term musculotendon remodeling following a hamstring strain injury. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37:1101–9.
pubmed: 18649077 pmcid: 2756568
Koulouris G, Connell D. Evaluation of the hamstring muscle complex following acute injury. Skeletal Radiol. 2003;32:582–9.
pubmed: 12942206
van der Made AD, Wieldraaijer T, Kerkhoffs GM, Kleipool RP, Engebretsen L, van Dijk CN, et al. The hamstring muscle complex. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015;23:2115–22.
pubmed: 24190369
Huygaerts S, Cos F, Cohen DD, Calleja-González J, Guitart M, Blazevich AJ, et al. Mechanisms of hamstring strain injury: interactions between fatigue, muscle activation and function. Sports. 2020;8:65.
pmcid: 7281534
Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically orientated anatomy. 7th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.
Battermann N, Appell H-J, Dargel J, Koebke J. An anatomical study of the proximal hamstring muscle complex to elucidate muscle strains in this region. Int J Sports Med. 2011;32:211–5.
pubmed: 21072742
Sato K, Nimura A, Yamaguchi K, Akita K. Anatomical study of the proximal origin of hamstring muscles. J Orthop Sci. 2012;17:614–8.
pubmed: 22669443
Woodley SJ, Mercer SR. Hamstring muscles: architecture and innervation. Cells Tissues Organs (Print). 2005;179:125–41.
Miller SL, Gill J, Webb GR. The proximal origin of the hamstrings and surrounding anatomy encountered during repair. A cadaveric study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:44–8.
pubmed: 17200309
Kellis E. Intra- and inter-muscular variations in hamstring architecture and mechanics and their implications for injury: a narrative review. Sports Med. 2018;48:2271–83.
pubmed: 30117053
Chleboun GS, France AR, Crill MT, Braddock HK, Howell JN. In vivo measurement of fascicle length and pennation angle of the human biceps femoris muscle. Cells Tissues Organs (Print). 2001;169:401–9.
Kellis E, Galanis N, Kapetanos G, Natsis K. Architectural differences between the hamstring muscles. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22:520–6.
pubmed: 22564790
Kellis E, Galanis N, Natsis K, Kapetanos G. Muscle architecture variations along the human semitendinosus and biceps femoris (long head) length. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010;20:1237–43.
pubmed: 20727788
Kellis E, Galanis N, Natsis K, Kapetanos G. Validity of architectural properties of the hamstring muscles: correlation of ultrasound findings with cadaveric dissection. J Biomech. 2009;42:2549–54.
pubmed: 19646698
Makihara Y, Nishino A, Fukubayashi T, Kanamori A. Decrease of knee flexion torque in patients with ACL reconstruction: combined analysis of the architecture and function of the knee flexor muscles. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14:310–7.
pubmed: 16208458
Thelen DG, Chumanov ES, Sherry MA, Heiderscheit BC. Neuromusculoskeletal models provide insights into the mechanisms and rehabilitation of hamstring strains. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2006;34:135–41.
pubmed: 16829741
Ward SR, Eng CM, Smallwood LH, Lieber RL. Are current measurements of lower extremity muscle architecture accurate? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467:1074–82.
pubmed: 18972175
Blazevich AJ, Gill ND, Zhou S. Intra- and intermuscular variation in human quadriceps femoris architecture assessed in vivo. J Anat. 2006;209:289–310.
pubmed: 16928199 pmcid: 2100333
Lieber RL, Jacobson MD, Fazeli BM, Abrams RA, Botte MJ. Architecture of selected muscles of the arm and forearm: anatomy and implications for tendon transfer. J Hand Surg Am. 1992;17:787–98.
pubmed: 1401782
Lieber RL, Fridén J. Functional and clinical significance of skeletal muscle architecture. Muscle Nerve. 2000;23:1647–66.
pubmed: 11054744
Azizi E, Roberts TJ. Geared up to stretch: pennate muscle behavior during active lengthening. J Exp Biol. 2014;217:376–81.
pubmed: 24477610 pmcid: 4008126
Ando R, Nosaka K, Tomita A, Watanabe K, Blazevich AJ, Akima H. Vastus intermedius vs vastus lateralis fascicle behaviors during maximal concentric and eccentric contractions. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28:1018–26.
pubmed: 29164685
Timmins RG, Shield AJ, Williams MD, Lorenzen C, Opar DA. Biceps femoris long head architecture: a reliability and retrospective injury study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47:905–13.
pubmed: 25207929
Presland JD, Timmins RG, Bourne MN, Williams MD, Opar DA. The effect of Nordic hamstring exercise training volume on biceps femoris long head architectural adaptation. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28:1775–83.
pubmed: 29572976
Blazevich AJ. Effects of physical training and detraining, immobilisation, growth and aging on human fascicle geometry. Sports Med. 2006;36:1003–17.
pubmed: 17123325
Pimenta R, Blazevich AJ, Freitas SR. Biceps femoris long-head architecture assessed using different sonographic techniques. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50:2584–94.
pubmed: 30067589
Mendez-Villanueva A, Suarez-Arrones L, Rodas G, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Tesch P, Linnehan R, et al. MRI-based regional muscle use during hamstring strengthening exercises in elite soccer players. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0161356.
pubmed: 27583444 pmcid: 5008723
Fridén J, Seger J, Sjöström M, Ekblom B. Adaptive response in human skeletal muscle subjected to prolonged eccentric training. Int J Sports Med. 1983;4:177–83.
pubmed: 6629600
Bolsterlee B, D’Souza A, Herbert RD. Reliability and robustness of muscle architecture measurements obtained using diffusion tensor imaging with anatomically constrained tractography. J Biomech. 2019;86:71–8.
pubmed: 30739766
Sikdar S, Wei Q, Cortes N. Dynamic ultrasound imaging applications to quantify musculoskeletal function. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2014;42:126–35.
pubmed: 24949846 pmcid: 4066199
Konow N, Azizi E, Roberts TJ. Muscle power attenuation by tendon during energy dissipation. Proc Biol Sci. 2012;279:1108–13.
pubmed: 21957134
Konow N, Roberts TJ. The series elastic shock absorber: tendon elasticity modulates energy dissipation by muscle during burst deceleration. Proc Biol Sci. 2015;282:20142800.
pubmed: 25716796 pmcid: 4375865
Ishikawa M, Finni T, Komi PV. Behaviour of vastus lateralis muscle-tendon during high intensity SSC exercises in vivo. Acta Physiol Scand. 2003;178:205–13.
pubmed: 12823178
Aeles J, Vanwanseele B. Do stretch-shortening cycles really occur in the medial gastrocnemius? A detailed bilateral analysis of the muscle-tendon interaction during jumping. Front Physiol. 2019;10:1504.
pubmed: 31920709 pmcid: 6923193
Hollville E, Nordez A, Guilhem G, Lecompte J, Rabita G. Interactions between fascicles and tendinous tissues in gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis during drop landing. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019;29:55–70.
pubmed: 30242912
Schache AG, Dorn TW, Blanch PD, Brown NAT, Pandy MG. Mechanics of the human hamstring muscles during sprinting. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44:647–58.
pubmed: 21912301
Fiorentino NM, Blemker SS. Musculotendon variability influences tissue strains experienced by the biceps femoris long head muscle during high-speed running. J Biomech. 2014;47:3325–33.
pubmed: 25189094 pmcid: 4196999
Fiorentino NM, Rehorn MR, Chumanov ES, Thelen DG, Blemker SS. Computational models predict larger muscle tissue strains at faster sprinting speeds. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46:776–86.
pubmed: 24145724 pmcid: 3960352
Li L, Wang D. Parallel and cross-sectional hamstring injuries in sprint running. J Sport Health Sci. 2017;6:141–2.
pubmed: 30356580 pmcid: 6188996
Garrett WE, Califf JC, Bassett FH. Histochemical correlates of hamstring injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1984;12:98–103.
pubmed: 6234816
Fridén J, Sjöström M, Ekblom B. Myofibrillar damage following intense eccentric exercise in man. Int J Sports Med. 1983;4:170–6.
pubmed: 6629599
Macaluso F, Isaacs AW, Myburgh KH. Preferential type II muscle fiber damage from plyometric exercise. J Athl Train. 2012;47:414–20.
pubmed: 22889657 pmcid: 3396301
Starbuck C, Eston RG. Exercise-induced muscle damage and the repeated bout effect: evidence for cross transfer. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112:1005–13.
pubmed: 21720885
Goode AP, Reiman MP, Harris L, DeLisa L, Kauffman A, Beltramo D, et al. Eccentric training for prevention of hamstring injuries may depend on intervention compliance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49:349–56.
pubmed: 25227125
Allen DG, Lamb GD, Westerblad H. Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms. Physiol Rev. 2008;88:287–332.
pubmed: 18195089
Delextrat A, Baker J, Cohen DD, Clarke ND. Effect of a simulated soccer match on the functional hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio in amateur female players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23:478–86.
pubmed: 22107131
Lord C, Ma’ayah F, Blazevich AJ. Change in knee flexor torque after fatiguing exercise identifies previous hamstring injury in football players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28:1235–43.
pubmed: 29117428
Pinto MD, Blazevich AJ, Andersen LL, Mil-Homens P, Pinto RS. Hamstring-to-quadriceps fatigue ratio offers new and different muscle function information than the conventional non-fatigued ratio. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28:282–93.
pubmed: 28378509
Freckleton G, Cook J, Pizzari T. The predictive validity of a single leg bridge test for hamstring injuries in Australian Rules Football Players. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48:713–7.
pubmed: 23918443
Delextrat A, Piquet J, Matthews MJ, Cohen DD. Strength-endurance training reduces the hamstrings strength decline following simulated football competition in female players. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1059.
pubmed: 30245633 pmcid: 6138075
Edouard P, Mendiguchia J, Lahti J, Arnal PJ, Gimenez P, Jiménez-Reyes P, et al. Sprint acceleration mechanics in fatigue conditions: compensatory role of gluteal muscles in horizontal force production and potential protection of hamstring muscles. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1706.
pubmed: 30555346 pmcid: 6283907
Evangelidis PE, Massey GJ, Ferguson RA, Wheeler PC, Pain MTG, Folland JP. The functional significance of hamstrings composition: is it really a “fast” muscle group? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017;27:1181–9.
pubmed: 27739112
Simunič B. Between-day reliability of a method for non-invasive estimation of muscle composition. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22:527–30.
pubmed: 22546361
An XC, Lee JH, Im S, Lee MS, Hwang K, Kim HW, et al. Anatomic localization of motor entry points and intramuscular nerve endings in the hamstring muscles. Surg Radiol Anat. 2010;32:529–37.
pubmed: 20063163
Seidel PM, Seidel GK, Gans BM, Dijkers M. Precise localization of the motor nerve branches to the hamstring muscles: an aid to the conduct of neurolytic procedures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77:1157–60.
pubmed: 8931528
Sunderland S, Hughes ESR. Metrical and non-metrical features of the muscular branches of the sciatic nerve and its medial and lateral popliteal divisions. J Comp Neurol. 1946;85:205–22.
pubmed: 21002788
Branch EA, Anz AW. Distal insertions of the biceps femoris: a quantitative analysis. Orthop J Sports Med. 2015;3:2325967115602255.
pubmed: 26535398 pmcid: 4622297
Ertelt T, Gronwald T. Hamstring injury risk factors in elite sports: the role of muscle geometry and function. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2019;227:e13253.
Hegyi A, Csala D, Péter A, Finni T, Cronin NJ. High-density electromyography activity in various hamstring exercises. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019;29:34–43.
pubmed: 30230042
Ménétrey J. Current concept: muscle injuries. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin und Sporttraumatologie. 2000;48:44–7.
Bourne MN, Timmins RG, Opar DA, Pizzari T, Ruddy JD, Sims C, et al. An evidence-based framework for strengthening exercises to prevent hamstring injury. Sports Med. 2018;48:251–67.
pubmed: 29116573
De Vos R-J, Reurink G, Goudswaard G-J, Moen MH, Weir A, Tol JL. Clinical findings just after return to play predict hamstring re-injury, but baseline MRI findings do not. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48:1377–84.
pubmed: 25037201

Auteurs

Shaun Huygaerts (S)

UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University San Antonio, 30830, Murcia, Spain.
Royal Antwerp Football Club, Oude Bosuilbaan 54A, 2100, Deurne, Belgium.

Francesc Cos (F)

Manchester City Football Club, Etihad Stadium, Manchester, M11 3 FF, UK.
National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), Barcelona Center, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Daniel D Cohen (DD)

Masira Institute, University of Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Sports Science Center (CCD), Colombian Ministry of Sport (Mindeporte), Bogotá, Colombia.

Julio Calleja-González (J)

Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, 01007, Vitoria, Spain.

Ricard Pruna (R)

Physician of Football Club Barcelona, Arístides Maillol s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.

Pedro E Alcaraz (PE)

UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University San Antonio, 30830, Murcia, Spain.

Anthony J Blazevich (AJ)

Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia. a.blazevich@ecu.edu.au.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH