Personal and contextual components of resilience mediate risky family environment's effect on psychotic-like experiences.
childhood adversity
mediation
psychotic-like experience
resilience
Journal
Early intervention in psychiatry
ISSN: 1751-7893
Titre abrégé: Early Interv Psychiatry
Pays: Australia
ID NLM: 101320027
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2021
12 2021
Historique:
revised:
04
09
2020
received:
19
08
2019
accepted:
13
12
2020
pubmed:
29
12
2020
medline:
11
3
2022
entrez:
28
12
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) index an increased risk for subsequent psychotic disorders. A risky family environment is a well-established risk factor for PLEs; however, different contextual and personal resiliency factors may differentially mediate its effect on PLEs. In this study, we propose a two-dimensional model of resilience. Our aim is to address separately the mediational role of personal and contextual resiliency factors between a risky family environment and PLEs in a community sample. Five-hundred University students completed an on-line questionnaire, including the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), the 16-item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (iPQ-16) and the Risky Family Questionnaire (RFQ). Mediation was assessed using Structural Equation Modelling with bootstrapping estimation of indirect effect. The direct effects of personal and contextual resilience on PLEs were respectively -0.69 [-0.97, -0.41] (P < .001) and - 0.19 [-0.58, 0.20] (ns); the indirect effect through personal resilience was 0.03[0.01, 0.04] (P < .001). Personal resilience mediated 27.4% of the total effect of risky family environment on PLEs. Personal resilience, as opposite to contextual resilience, mediates the effect of a risky family environment on PLEs. Low personal resilience may represent an individual risk factor that transmits the effect of risky family environment on PLEs and could represent a central aspect of individualized prevention and treatment strategies.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) index an increased risk for subsequent psychotic disorders. A risky family environment is a well-established risk factor for PLEs; however, different contextual and personal resiliency factors may differentially mediate its effect on PLEs.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, we propose a two-dimensional model of resilience. Our aim is to address separately the mediational role of personal and contextual resiliency factors between a risky family environment and PLEs in a community sample.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Five-hundred University students completed an on-line questionnaire, including the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), the 16-item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (iPQ-16) and the Risky Family Questionnaire (RFQ). Mediation was assessed using Structural Equation Modelling with bootstrapping estimation of indirect effect.
RESULTS
The direct effects of personal and contextual resilience on PLEs were respectively -0.69 [-0.97, -0.41] (P < .001) and - 0.19 [-0.58, 0.20] (ns); the indirect effect through personal resilience was 0.03[0.01, 0.04] (P < .001). Personal resilience mediated 27.4% of the total effect of risky family environment on PLEs.
DISCUSSION
Personal resilience, as opposite to contextual resilience, mediates the effect of a risky family environment on PLEs. Low personal resilience may represent an individual risk factor that transmits the effect of risky family environment on PLEs and could represent a central aspect of individualized prevention and treatment strategies.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1677-1685Informations de copyright
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
Références
Azzali, S., Pelizza, L., Paterlini, F., Garlassi, S., Scazza, I., Chiri, L. R., Poletti, M., Fontana, F., Favazzo, R., Barbanti, S. V., & Fabiani, M. (2018). Reliability of the Italian version of the 16-item prodromal questionnaire (iPQ-16) for psychosis risk screening in a young help-seeking community sample. Journal of Psychopathology, 24(1), 16-23.
Bentall, R. P., de Sousa, P., Varese, F., Wickham, S., Sitko, K., Haarmans, M., & Read, J. (2014). From adversity to psychosis: Pathways and mechanisms from specific adversities to specific symptoms. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(7), 1011-1022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0914-0.
Bhavsar, V., Boydell, J., McGuire, P., Harris, V., Hotopf, M., Hatch, S. L., MacCabe, J. H., & Morgan, C. (2019). Childhood abuse and psychotic experiences-evidence for mediation by adulthood adverse life events. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 28(3), 300-309. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796017000518.
Briganti, G., & Linkowski, P. (2019). Item and domain network structures of the resilience scale for adults in 675 university students. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000222.
Capanna, C., Stratta, P., Hjemdal, O., Collazzoni, A., & Rossi, A. (2015). The Italian validation study of the resilience scale for adults (RSA). Applied Psychology Bulletin, 272(63), 16-24.
Chisholm, K. E., Wigman, J. T. W., Hallett, D., Woodall, T., Mahfouda, S., Reniers, R. L., Killackey, E., Yung, A. R., Wood, S. J., & Lin, A. (2018). The role of coping in the association between subclinical psychotic experiences and functioning: A within study replication in two independent adolescent samples. Schizophrenia Research, 201, 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.022.
Crush, E., Arseneault, L., Moffitt, T. E., Danese, A., Caspi, A., Jaffee, S. R., Matthews, T., & Fisher, H. L. (2018). Protective factors for psychotic experiences amongst adolescents exposed to multiple forms of victimization. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 104, 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.06.011.
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8.
Fergus, S., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). ADOLESCENT RESILIENCE: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26(1), 399-419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357.
Fisher, H. L., Schreier, A., Zammit, S., Maughan, B., Munafò, M. R., Lewis, G., & Wolke, D. (2013). Pathways between childhood victimization and psychosis-like symptoms in the ALSPAC birth cohort. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 39(5), 1045-1055. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs088.
Freeman, D., & Garety, P. (2014). Advances in understanding and treating persecutory delusions: A review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(8), 1179-1189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0928-7.
Friborg, O., Barlaug, D., Martinussen, M., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Hjemdal, O. (2005). Resilience in relation to personality and intelligence. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 14(1), 29-42. Retrieved from. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16097398.
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: What are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.143.
Gawęda, Ł., Göritz, A. S., & Moritz, S. (2019). Mediating role of aberrant salience and self-disturbances for the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences in the general population. Schizophrenia Research, 206, 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.034.
Gawęda, Ł., Pionke, R., Krężołek, M., Frydecka, D., Nelson, B., & Cechnicki, A. (2019). The interplay between childhood trauma, cognitive biases, psychotic-like experiences and depression and their additive impact on predicting lifetime suicidal behavior in young adults. Psychological Medicine, 50, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718004026.
Glaser, B., Ades, A. E., Lewis, S., Emmet, P., Lewis, G., Smith, G. D., & Zammit, S. (2010). Perinatal folate-related exposures and risk of psychotic symptoms in the ALSPAC birth cohort. Schizophrenia Research, 120(1-3), 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.03.006.
Horwood, J., Salvi, G., Thomas, K., Duffy, L., Gunnell, D., Hollis, C., Lewis, G., Menezes, P., Thompson, A., Wolke, D., & Zammit, S. (2008). IQ and non-clinical psychotic symptoms in 12-year-olds: Results from the ALSPAC birth cohort. British Journal of Psychiatry, 193(3), 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.051904.
Kraemer, H. C., Stice, E., Kazdin, A., Offord, D., & Kupfer, D. (2001). How do risk factors work together? Mediators, moderators, and independent, overlapping, and proxy risk factors. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(6), 848-856. https://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.848.
Linscott, R. J., & Van Os, J. (2013). An updated and conservative systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence on psychotic experiences in children and adults: On the pathway from proneness to persistence to dimensional expression across mental disorders. Psychological Medicine, 43(6), 1133-1149. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712001626.
McGrath, J. J., McLaughlin, K. A., Saha, S., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., Bruffaerts, R., De Girolamo, G., De Jonge, P., Esan, O., & Florescu, S. (2017). The association between childhood adversities and subsequent first onset of psychotic experiences: A cross-national analysis of 23 998 respondents from 17 countries. Psychological Medicine, 47(7), 1230-1245. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716003263.
McGrath, J. J., Saha, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., Bromet, E. J., Bruffaerts, R., Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M., Chiu, W. T., de Jonge, P., Fayyad, J., & Florescu, S. (2015). Psychotic experiences in the general population. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(7), 697-705. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0575.
Mętel, D., Arciszewska, A., Daren, A., Pionke, R., Cechnicki, A., Frydecka, D., & Gawęda, Ł. (2020). Mediating role of cognitive biases, resilience and depressive symptoms in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences in young adults. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 14(1), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12829.
Morgan, C., & Gayer-Anderson, C. (2016). Childhood adversities and psychosis: Evidence, challenges, implications. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20330.
Morote, R., Hjemdal, O., Uribe, P. M., & Corveleyn, J. (2017). Psychometric properties of the resilience scale for adults (RSA) and its relationship with life-stress, anxiety and depression in a Hispanic Latin-American community sample. PLoS One, 12(11), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187954.
Peh, O. H., Rapisarda, A., & Lee, J. (2019). Childhood adversities in people at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 49(07), 1089-1101. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171800394X.
Rauschenberg, C., van Os, J., Cremers, D., Goedhart, M., Schieveld, J. N. M., & Reininghaus, U. (2017). Stress sensitivity as a putative mechanism linking childhood trauma and psychopathology in youth's daily life. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 136, 373-388. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12775.
Riches, S., Arseneault, L., Bagher-Niakan, R., Alsultan, M., Crush, E., & Fisher, H. L. (2019). Protective factors for early psychotic phenomena among children of mothers with psychosis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 750. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00750.
Rossetti, M. C., Tosone, A., Stratta, P., Collazzoni, A., Santarelli, V., Guadagni, E., Rossi, R., & Rossi, A. (2017). Different roles of resilience in depressive patients with history of suicide attempt and no history of suicide attempt. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 39(3), 216-219. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2045.
Rossi, A., Amore, M., Galderisi, S., Rocca, P., Bertolino, A., Aguglia, E., Amodeo, G., Bellomo, A., Bucci, P., Buzzanca, A., & Carpiniello, B. (2018). The complex relationship between self-reported 'personal recovery' and clinical recovery in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 192, 108-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.040.
Rossi, A., Galderisi, S., Rocca, P., Bertolino, A., Rucci, P., Gibertoni, D., Stratta, P., Bucci, P., Mucci, A., Aguglia, E., & Amodeo, G. (2017). Personal resources and depression in schizophrenia: The role of self-esteem, resilience and internalized stigma. Psychiatry Research, 256(June), 359-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.079.
Rossi, R., Zammit, S., Button, K. S., Munafò, M. R., Lewis, G., & David, A. S. (2016). Psychotic experiences and working memory: A population-based study using signal-detection analysis. PLoS One, 11(4), e0153148. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153148.
Ruzibiza, C., Grattan, R. E., Eder, R., & Linscott, R. J. (2018). Components of schizophrenia liability are not uniformly associated with stress sensitivity, resilience, and coping. Psychiatry Research, 260, 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.039.
Savill, M., D'Ambrosio, J., Cannon, T. D., & Loewy, R. L. (2018). Psychosis risk screening in different populations using the prodromal questionnaire: A systematic review. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 12(1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12446.
Sengutta, M., Gawęda, Ł., Moritz, S., & Karow, A. (2019). The mediating role of borderline personality features in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences in a sample of help-seeking non-psychotic adolescents and young adults. European Psychiatry, 56, 84-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.009.
Serrone, D., Parnanzone, S., Pizziconi, G., Talevi, D., Curtarello, E. M. A., Pacitti, F., Rossi, A., & Rossi, R. (2019). Source monitoring task in a sample of in-patients with verbal auditory hallucinations compared to control sample. Rivista di Psichiatria, 54(2), 91-94. https://doi.org/10.1708/3142.31250.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445.
Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter-Brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: Interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5(1), 25338. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338.
Stainton, A., Chisholm, K., Kaiser, N., Rosen, M., Upthegrove, R., Ruhrmann, S., & Wood, S. J. (2018). Resilience as a multimodal dynamic process. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(4), 725-732. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12726.
Thapar, A., Heron, J., Jones, R. B., Owen, M. J., Lewis, G., & Zammit, S. (2012). Trajectories of change in self-reported psychotic-like experiences in childhood and adolescence. Schizophrenia Research, 140(1-3), 104-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.06.024.
Thomas, K., Harrison, G., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., Horwood, J., Heron, J., Hollis, C., Wolke, D., Thompson, A., & Gunnell, D. (2009). Association of measures of fetal and childhood growth with non-clinical psychotic symptoms in 12-year-olds: The ALSPAC cohort. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194(6), 521-526. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.051730.
Trotta, A., Murray, R. M., & Fisher, H. L. (2015). The impact of childhood adversity on the persistence of psychotic symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 45, 2481-2498. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715000574.
Varese, F., Smeets, F., Drukker, M., Lieverse, R., Lataster, T., Viechtbauer, W., Read, J., van Os, J., & Bentall, R. P. (2012). Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: A meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective-and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38, 661-671. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs050.
Williams, J., Bucci, S., Berry, K., & Varese, F. (2018). Psychological mediators of the association between childhood adversities and psychosis: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 65(January), 175-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.009.
Zammit, S., Kounali, D., Cannon, M., David, A. S., Gunnell, D., Heron, J., Jones, P. B., Lewis, S., Sullivan, S., Wolke, D., & Lewis, G. (2013). Psychotic experiences and psychotic disorders at age 18 in relation to psychotic experiences at age 12 in a longitudinal population-based cohort study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(7), 742-750. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12060768.