Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions.
Journal
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
ISSN: 1935-2735
Titre abrégé: PLoS Negl Trop Dis
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101291488
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2020
12 2020
Historique:
entrez:
31
12
2020
pubmed:
1
1
2021
medline:
12
2
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Infections with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii are frequent, but one of its main consequences, ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), remains poorly understood. While its clinical description has recently attracted more attention and publications, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are only sparsely elucidated, which is partly due to the inherent difficulties to establish relevant animal models. Furthermore, the particularities of the ocular environment explain why the abundant knowledge on systemic toxoplasmosis cannot be just transferred to the ocular situation. However, studies undertaken in mouse models have revealed a central role of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and, more surprisingly, interleukin 17 (IL17), in ocular pathology and parasite control. These studies also show the importance of the genetic background of the infective Toxoplasma strain. Indeed, infections due to exotic strains show a completely different pathophysiology, which translates in a different clinical outcome. These elements should lead to more individualized therapy. Furthermore, the recent advance in understanding the immune response during OT paved the way to new research leads, involving immune pathways poorly studied in this particular setting, such as type I and type III interferons. In any case, deeper knowledge of the mechanisms of this pathology is needed to establish new, more targeted treatment schemes.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33382688
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008905
pii: PNTD-D-20-00938
pmc: PMC7774838
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e0008905Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Références
Ophthalmic Res. 2014;52(3):116-23
pubmed: 25248050
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2016 Apr;233(4):534-9
pubmed: 27116531
J Leukoc Biol. 2003 Aug;74(2):179-85
pubmed: 12885934
Lancet. 2004 Jun 12;363(9425):1965-76
pubmed: 15194258
J Fr Ophtalmol. 2009 Dec;32(10):742-9
pubmed: 19932524
Am J Pathol. 2002 Nov;161(5):1669-77
pubmed: 12414514
Cell Microbiol. 2005 Apr;7(4):561-8
pubmed: 15760456
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013 Nov 21;7(11):e2541
pubmed: 24278490
Curr Opin Immunol. 2011 Oct;23(5):613-9
pubmed: 21852080
Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Dec;136(6):973-88
pubmed: 14644206
Exp Eye Res. 2008 Jan;86(1):52-9
pubmed: 17981268
Exp Eye Res. 2015 Jul;136:116-30
pubmed: 25952657
Infect Immun. 2010 Aug;78(8):3484-92
pubmed: 20498261
Int J Parasitol. 2019 Jan;49(1):63-70
pubmed: 30471286
Infect Immun. 2012 Jan;80(1):418-28
pubmed: 22083708
Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Feb;12(2):326-9
pubmed: 16494765
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010 Mar;29(2):144-68
pubmed: 20044062
Eukaryot Cell. 2013 Mar;12(3):399-410
pubmed: 23291621
PLoS One. 2019 Mar 22;14(3):e0214310
pubmed: 30901349
J Leukoc Biol. 2000 Apr;67(4):479-87
pubmed: 10770279
Pharmacol Rev. 2004 Jun;56(2):249-90
pubmed: 15169929
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;8(1):1-20
pubmed: 30849550
Microbes Infect. 2011 Dec;13(14-15):1199-210
pubmed: 21920448
Infect Immun. 2015 May;83(5):2109-17
pubmed: 25754200
Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2010 Spring;50(2):57-69
pubmed: 20375862
Infect Immun. 2001 Apr;69(4):2589-95
pubmed: 11254623
Cytokine. 2008 Feb;41(2):71-8
pubmed: 17981475
Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jan;76(1):79-87
pubmed: 27553214
J Infect Dis. 2013 Jan 1;207(1):152-63
pubmed: 23100559
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 Oct 03;53(11):6856-62
pubmed: 22952125
Nat Rev Immunol. 2014 Feb;14(2):109-21
pubmed: 24457485
Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Apr;12(4):582-7
pubmed: 16704805
Clin Exp Immunol. 2007 Apr;148(1):32-46
pubmed: 17328715
Cell Adh Migr. 2007 Jul-Sep;1(3):142-4
pubmed: 19262136
Exp Parasitol. 1994 Mar;78(2):217-29
pubmed: 8119376
N Engl J Med. 2015 Dec 24;373(26):2534-48
pubmed: 26699169
Infect Immun. 2018 Mar 22;86(4):
pubmed: 29426041
Am J Ophthalmol. 1983 Nov;96(5):577-99
pubmed: 6139024
Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2015 Nov;26(6):498-505
pubmed: 26367087
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Aug 27;116(35):17480-17491
pubmed: 31413201
J Leukoc Biol. 2012 Dec;92(6):1241-50
pubmed: 23033174
Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Jul;10(7):479-89
pubmed: 20559326
J Transplant. 2011;2011:246856
pubmed: 21941624
Mediators Inflamm. 2019 Feb 17;2019:9356728
pubmed: 30906227
Infect Immun. 1991 Sep;59(9):3287-90
pubmed: 1908831
Int J Parasitol. 2014 Feb;44(2):99-107
pubmed: 24200675
Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Oct;90(9):912-5
pubmed: 22525368
J Immunol. 2003 Dec 1;171(11):6052-8
pubmed: 14634118
Exp Mol Med. 2019 Dec 11;51(12):1-10
pubmed: 31827072
PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(12):e1003823
pubmed: 24385904
BJOG. 2005 Feb;112(2):241-2
pubmed: 15663591
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Oct;50(10):4941-8
pubmed: 19420345
Eye (Lond). 2009 May;23(5):1090-3
pubmed: 18617902
Science. 2010 Nov 5;330(6005):841-5
pubmed: 20966214
Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:2954721
pubmed: 27294114
Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 Apr;133(4):506-15
pubmed: 11931784
PLoS One. 2011 Mar 30;6(3):e18139
pubmed: 21479174
Virulence. 2019 Dec;10(1):438-447
pubmed: 30269643
Cell Microbiol. 2015 Jul;17(7):1069-83
pubmed: 25628099
Am J Ophthalmol. 1988 Dec 15;106(6):653-67
pubmed: 3195645
Br J Ophthalmol. 2019 Jul;103(7):1008-1012
pubmed: 31088793
Exp Eye Res. 2006 Dec;83(6):1459-71
pubmed: 16996057
J Infect Dis. 2009 Apr 15;199(8):1239-49
pubmed: 19302012
PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e54358
pubmed: 23437042
Infect Immun. 1996 Oct;64(10):4188-96
pubmed: 8926087
Trends Parasitol. 2019 Nov;35(11):887-898
pubmed: 31601477
J Neuroimmunol. 2006 Oct;179(1-2):126-31
pubmed: 16934877
N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct;373(14):1318-28
pubmed: 26422722
Trends Immunol. 2018 Oct;39(10):848-858
pubmed: 30219309
Blood. 2006 Jan 1;107(1):309-16
pubmed: 16051744
Science. 1988 Apr 22;240(4851):516-8
pubmed: 3128869
Parasitol Res. 1997;83(7):637-41
pubmed: 9272550
Int J Parasitol. 2013 Aug;43(9):721-8
pubmed: 23702129
Retina. 1996;16(5):383-7
pubmed: 8912963
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2019 May;70:85-98
pubmed: 30552975
Curr Opin Immunol. 2007 Dec;19(6):652-7
pubmed: 17766098
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019 May 01;9:136
pubmed: 31119107
Parasitol Res. 2018 Aug;117(8):2597-2605
pubmed: 29858945
Mucosal Immunol. 2014 Jul;7(4):744-52
pubmed: 24717355
PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(5):e1003331
pubmed: 23658519
Br J Ophthalmol. 2012 Sep;96(9):1259-67
pubmed: 22790439
Am J Ophthalmol. 2019 Mar;199:82-93
pubmed: 30502335
Microbes Infect. 2004 Nov;6(14):1287-96
pubmed: 15555535
Parasite Immunol. 2006 Dec;28(12):635-42
pubmed: 17096642
Front Microbiol. 2019 Apr 26;10:899
pubmed: 31080445
Parasitology. 2018 Jul;145(8):1027-1038
pubmed: 29179785
Ophthalmologe. 2009 Apr;106(4):299-304
pubmed: 19343352
Exp Parasitol. 2004 May-Jun;107(1-2):72-7
pubmed: 15208040
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998 Sep;39(10):1823-34
pubmed: 9727405
J Neuroimmunol. 2005 Mar;160(1-2):41-7
pubmed: 15710456
Cell Microbiol. 2013 Oct;15(10):1735-52
pubmed: 23534541
Sci Transl Med. 2015 Apr 22;7(284):284ra59
pubmed: 25904743
Epidemiol Infect. 1999 Oct;123(2):283-9
pubmed: 10579449
J Exp Med. 2001 Aug 20;194(4):519-27
pubmed: 11514607
PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(12):e1003779
pubmed: 24367253
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009 Mar;104(2):345-50
pubmed: 19430662
Parasitology. 2016 Apr;143(5):568-75
pubmed: 26928468
Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2009 Jan-Feb;17(1):47-55
pubmed: 19294574
Infect Immun. 2005 Jan;73(1):617-21
pubmed: 15618203
Annu Rev Immunol. 2006;24:99-146
pubmed: 16551245
Ophthalmology. 2002 Jan;109(1):41-5
pubmed: 11772577
Parasitol Int. 2008 Dec;57(4):515-8
pubmed: 18652914
Cell Microbiol. 2014 Apr;16(4):580-95
pubmed: 24245749
Int Rev Immunol. 2013 Feb;32(1):42-56
pubmed: 23360157
Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998 Apr;11(2):267-99
pubmed: 9564564
Neuron. 2017 Mar 22;93(6):1325-1333.e3
pubmed: 28334606
Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Dec;17(12):761-773
pubmed: 28869253
J Infect Dis. 2012 Oct;206(8):1319-29
pubmed: 22927448