The Response of Living Organisms to Low Radiation Environment and Its Implications in Radiation Protection.
background radiation
epigenetics (MeSH)
ionizing radiation
low dose effects of radiation
radiation protection
radiobiology
underground experiments
Journal
Frontiers in public health
ISSN: 2296-2565
Titre abrégé: Front Public Health
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101616579
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
01
09
2020
accepted:
25
11
2020
entrez:
1
1
2021
pubmed:
2
1
2021
medline:
15
5
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Life has evolved on Earth for about 4 billion years in the presence of the natural background of ionizing radiation. It is extremely likely that it contributed, and still contributes, to shaping present form of life. Today the natural background radiation is extremely small (few mSv/y), however it may be significant enough for living organisms to respond to it, perhaps keeping memory of this exposure. A better understanding of this response is relevant not only for improving our knowledge on life evolution, but also for assessing the robustness of the present radiation protection system at low doses, such as those typically encountered in everyday life. Given the large uncertainties in epidemiological data below 100 mSv, quantitative evaluation of these health risk is currently obtained with the aid of radiobiological models. These predict a health detriment, caused by radiation-induced genetic mutations, linearly related to the dose. However a number of studies challenged this paradigm by demonstrating the occurrence of non-linear responses at low doses, and of radioinduced epigenetic effects, i.e., heritable changes in genes expression not related to changes in DNA sequence. This review is focused on the role that epigenetic mechanisms, besides the genetic ones, can have in the responses to low dose and protracted exposures, particularly to natural background radiation. Many lines of evidence show that epigenetic modifications are involved in non-linear responses relevant to low doses, such as non-targeted effects and adaptive response, and that genetic and epigenetic effects share, in part, a common origin: the reactive oxygen species generated by ionizing radiation. Cell response to low doses of ionizing radiation appears more complex than that assumed for radiation protection purposes and that it is not always detrimental. Experiments conducted in underground laboratories with very low background radiation have even suggested positive effects of this background. Studying the changes occurring in various living organisms at reduced radiation background, besides giving information on the life evolution, have opened a new avenue to answer whether low doses are detrimental or beneficial, and to understand the relevance of radiobiological results to radiation protection.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33384980
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.601711
pmc: PMC7770185
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
601711Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Belli and Indovina.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Références
Radiat Res. 2007 Oct;168(4):409-14
pubmed: 17903034
Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Jun 15;12(12):3723-9
pubmed: 16778099
J Environ Radioact. 2004;74(1-3):107-16
pubmed: 15063540
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011 Feb;143(2-4):311-4
pubmed: 21216730
Int J Radiat Biol. 2017 May;93(5):457-469
pubmed: 28134023
Nat Rev Cancer. 2011 Sep 23;11(10):726-34
pubmed: 21941284
Sci Rep. 2017 May 11;7(1):1790
pubmed: 28496150
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2014 Apr;55(3):266-77
pubmed: 24723241
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Mar 18;94(6):2103-5
pubmed: 9122155
Int J Radiat Biol. 1997 May;71(5):467-83
pubmed: 9191891
Health Phys. 1987 May;52(5):571-8
pubmed: 3106264
Semin Nucl Med. 2014 May;44(3):179-86
pubmed: 24832582
J ICRU. 2011 Apr;11(1):1-31
pubmed: 24174259
Ann ICRP. 2007;37(2-4):1-332
pubmed: 18082557
Int J Radiat Biol. 1994 Jan;65(1):7-17
pubmed: 7905912
Int J Radiat Biol. 1997 Apr;71(4):421-7
pubmed: 9154145
Int J Radiat Biol. 1994 Nov;66(5):427-32
pubmed: 7983426
Chem Biol Interact. 2019 Mar 1;301:54-67
pubmed: 30763548
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2015 May-Jun;61(3):275-81
pubmed: 26248252
Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):604-10
pubmed: 6254144
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001 Feb 1;49(2):379-89
pubmed: 11173131
Radiat Res. 2001 Nov;156(5 Pt 2):572-6
pubmed: 11604074
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2010 Jul;140(2):103-36
pubmed: 20413418
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2006 Mar;44(4):245-51
pubmed: 16468064
Int J Radiat Biol. 2019 Jul;95(7):841-850
pubmed: 30831044
Health Phys. 2002 Jan;82(1):87-93
pubmed: 11769138
Mutat Res. 2002 Feb 20;499(2):143-50
pubmed: 11827707
Radiat Res. 2014 Nov;182(5):463-74
pubmed: 25329961
Br J Radiol. 2005 Jan;78(925):3-7
pubmed: 15673519
Radiat Res. 2011 Jun;175(6):677-88
pubmed: 21486161
Cancer Lett. 2012 Dec 31;327(1-2):48-60
pubmed: 22182453
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010 Aug;109(2):598-605
pubmed: 20203073
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2004 Feb;23(2):87-9
pubmed: 15070066
Int J Mol Cell Med. 2012 Fall;1(4):178-84
pubmed: 24551775
Int J Radiat Biol. 2010 Feb;86(2):102-13
pubmed: 20148696
Health Phys. 2016 Mar;110(3):249-51
pubmed: 26808874
Radiat Res. 2005 Jul;164(1):17-26
pubmed: 15966761
Int J Radiat Biol. 2015 Jan;91(1):1-12
pubmed: 24937368
Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1986 Jul;50(1):167-79
pubmed: 3487520
Nature. 2007 May 24;447(7143):425-32
pubmed: 17522676
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2005 Apr;15(2):163-76
pubmed: 15797199
Cancer Lett. 2015 Jan 1;356(1):126-36
pubmed: 24139968
Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Feb;106 Suppl 1:277-83
pubmed: 9539019
Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 Jun;83(3):296-321
pubmed: 15959557
Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Dec 31;17(1):
pubmed: 26729107
Mutat Res. 2011 Sep 1;714(1-2):113-25
pubmed: 21784089
Radiat Res. 2011 Aug;176(2):139-57
pubmed: 21631286
Cancer Lett. 2015 Jan 1;356(1):72-81
pubmed: 24041866
Radiat Res. 2003 May;159(5):567-80
pubmed: 12710868
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2010;128(1-3):28-36
pubmed: 20407219
Radiat Res. 1989 Feb;117(2):185-97
pubmed: 2922465
Mutat Res. 2007 Mar 1;616(1-2):196-200
pubmed: 17145066
PLoS One. 2016 Oct 6;11(10):e0164194
pubmed: 27711132
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2015 May;54(2):183-94
pubmed: 25636513
Cancer Lett. 2015 Jan 1;356(1):17-21
pubmed: 24041870
Dose Response. 2018 Sep 19;16(3):1559325818796331
pubmed: 30263019
Oncogene. 2003 Oct 13;22(45):7058-69
pubmed: 14557811
Radiat Res. 2017 Oct;188(4.2):525-538
pubmed: 28753061
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2011 Nov;50(4):571-8
pubmed: 21894441
Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:587983
pubmed: 26339624
Front Genet. 2011 Nov 22;2:84
pubmed: 22303378
Cell. 1993 Dec 3;75(5):843-54
pubmed: 8252621
Radiat Res. 2014 Jul;182(1):92-101
pubmed: 24960414
Molecules. 2014 Apr 24;19(4):5379-401
pubmed: 24879584
Health Phys. 2009 Nov;97(5):493-504
pubmed: 19820459
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jul 31;109(31):12544-9
pubmed: 22802633
Carcinogenesis. 2010 Jan;31(1):27-36
pubmed: 19752007
Nature. 1983 Jan 6;301(5895):89-92
pubmed: 6185846
Radiat Res. 2001 Nov;156(5 Pt 2):577-83
pubmed: 11604075
Carcinogenesis. 1996 Aug;17(8):1633-9
pubmed: 8761419
Nature. 1992 Feb 20;355(6362):738-40
pubmed: 1741061
Mutat Res. 2013 Apr-Jun;752(2):84-98
pubmed: 23262375
Nat Rev Genet. 2012 Jan 04;13(2):97-109
pubmed: 22215131
Mutat Res. 2011 Feb 10;707(1-2):24-33
pubmed: 21159317
Radiat Res. 1999 Sep;152(3):225-31
pubmed: 10453082
J Cell Physiol. 2011 Apr;226(4):962-7
pubmed: 20945393
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Jan;97:106-115
pubmed: 31228598
Crit Rev Oncog. 2018;23(1-2):1-11
pubmed: 29953365
J Radiat Res. 2014 Jul;55(4):823-8
pubmed: 24585548
Cancer Lett. 2008 Jul 18;266(1):6-11
pubmed: 18372104
Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1089-93
pubmed: 11498579
Health Phys. 2011 Mar;100(3):263-5
pubmed: 21595063
Radiat Res. 2017 May;187(5):513-537
pubmed: 28319463
Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1986 Apr;49(4):565-80
pubmed: 3485598
Mutat Res. 1995 Aug;347(3-4):129-33
pubmed: 7565903
Int J Radiat Biol. 2019 Jul;95(7):879-891
pubmed: 30676179
Health Phys. 2003 Jul;85(1):31-5
pubmed: 12852468
Environ Int. 2018 Nov;120:207-214
pubmed: 30098554
J Environ Radioact. 2006;86(2):176-86
pubmed: 16376699
Radiat Res. 1993 May;134(2):209-16
pubmed: 8488254
Cell. 2014 Mar 27;157(1):95-109
pubmed: 24679529
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2007 Mar;46(1):1-12
pubmed: 17131131
Radiat Res. 2011 May;175(5):575-87
pubmed: 21375360
Radiat Res. 1995 Oct;144(1):43-9
pubmed: 7568770
Int J Radiat Biol. 2015;91(9):749-56
pubmed: 26073528
Genes (Basel). 2019 Mar 29;10(4):
pubmed: 30934924
EMBO J. 1998 Sep 1;17(17):4905-8
pubmed: 9724627
J Cell Biochem. 2014 Mar;115(3):436-49
pubmed: 24129925
Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1238:3-25
pubmed: 25421652
Science. 1984 Feb 10;223(4636):594-7
pubmed: 6695170
Cell. 2007 Feb 23;128(4):655-68
pubmed: 17320504
Int J Radiat Biol. 2009 Jan;85(1):9-25
pubmed: 19205982
Cancer Res. 1992 Nov 15;52(22):6394-6
pubmed: 1423287
Health Phys. 2012 Jan;102(1):90-9
pubmed: 22134084
Evol Appl. 2017 Jun 07;10(7):658-666
pubmed: 28717386
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 12;95(10):5730-3
pubmed: 9576952
Virchows Arch. 2004 Sep;445(3):298-304
pubmed: 15232742
Electrophoresis. 2000 Jan;21(2):329-33
pubmed: 10675010
Bioessays. 2000 Mar;22(3):286-90
pubmed: 10684588
Dose Response. 2010 Feb 04;8(3):378-83
pubmed: 20877492
Mutat Res. 2010 May 1;687(1-2):13-16
pubmed: 20093132
J Cell Physiol. 2018 Jan;233(1):23-29
pubmed: 28262946
Radiat Res. 2018 Sep;190(3):217-225
pubmed: 29863430
Radiat Res. 2001 Nov;156(5 Pt 2):618-27
pubmed: 11604083
Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 30;8(1):6709
pubmed: 29712937
Mutat Res. 2012 Apr-Jun;750(2):85-95
pubmed: 22273762
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 20;21(17):
pubmed: 32825382
Mol Cancer Res. 2003 Apr;1(6):445-52
pubmed: 12692264
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2012 Feb;31(2):221-7
pubmed: 22241528
Int J Radiat Biol. 1993 May;63(5):543-56
pubmed: 8099101
J Nucl Med. 2018 Jul;59(7):1017-1019
pubmed: 29475999
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 29;100(9):5057-62
pubmed: 12679524
Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res. 2015 Jul-Sep;765:19-39
pubmed: 26281766
Front Genet. 2017 Jun 07;8:76
pubmed: 28638402
Health Phys. 1988 Aug;55(2):231-40
pubmed: 3410690
Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Nov;13(11):6667-77
pubmed: 8413263
Mutat Res. 2011 Jun 3;711(1-2):167-73
pubmed: 21419141
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2020 Feb;32(2):75-83
pubmed: 31511190
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2013 Feb;23(1):12-9
pubmed: 23453900
Radiat Res. 2003 May;159(5):581-96
pubmed: 12710869
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Aug 10;107(32):14205-10
pubmed: 20660770
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 26;105(34):12445-50
pubmed: 18711141
Radiat Res. 1998 Nov;150(5):497-504
pubmed: 9806590
Trends Genet. 2014 Jun;30(6):230-6
pubmed: 24780085
Nat Rev Genet. 2012 May 29;13(7):484-92
pubmed: 22641018
Int J Radiat Biol. 2020 May;96(5):561-576
pubmed: 31976798
Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1988;35:95-125
pubmed: 3065826
Radiat Res. 2013 Jul;180(1):100-9
pubmed: 23682596
Radiat Res. 2001 Nov;156(5 Pt 2):657-61
pubmed: 11604088
Lancet Oncol. 2006 May;7(5):431-5
pubmed: 16648048
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2002 Sep;41(3):217-24
pubmed: 12373331
PLoS One. 2018 May 16;13(5):e0196472
pubmed: 29768440
Cancer Res. 2007 Feb 1;67(3):1099-104
pubmed: 17283143
Carcinogenesis. 2007 Aug;28(8):1831-8
pubmed: 17347136
Radiat Res Suppl. 1985;8:S103-11
pubmed: 3867077
Am J Med. 1952 Sep;13(3):311-21
pubmed: 12985588
Ann ICRP. 2005;35(4):1-140
pubmed: 16782497