Acute severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 treatment overview for pediatrics.
Journal
Current opinion in pediatrics
ISSN: 1531-698X
Titre abrégé: Curr Opin Pediatr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9000850
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 02 2021
01 02 2021
Historique:
entrez:
4
1
2021
pubmed:
5
1
2021
medline:
8
1
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The novel severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has caused a world-wide pandemic with devastating effects. Fortunately, most children display only mild-to-moderate symptoms, but there are a subset that will have severe symptoms warranting treatment. This review evaluates the current evidence for antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment of acute SARS-COV-2 infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 in pediatrics. Treatment recommendations continue to evolve with emerging results from clinical trials. Initial therapies were tailored to repurposed medications, and have now transitioned toward more specific antiviral therapy. In addition to specific antiviral therapy, there is also support to modulate the immune system and reduce inflammatory damage seen in coronavirus disease 2019. Much of the data result from adult studies with subsequent extrapolation to pediatrics. Recommended therapy will continue to adapt as results return from clinical trials. A continued commitment from the National Institutes of Health and research community to assist in determining optimal therapies for pediatric patients is essential. Until then, most recommendations will likely be informed from the results seen in adult populations.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33394741
doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000983
pii: 00008480-202102000-00018
pmc: PMC7861135
mid: NIHMS1665344
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
0
Antiviral Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
129-135Subventions
Organisme : NIAMS NIH HHS
ID : T32 AR069512
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : T32 HD069054
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Références
Marzano E, Lermite E, Nobili C, et al. Malignant rhabdoid tumour of the liver in the young adult: report of first two cases. HPB Surg 2009; 2009:628206.
McCreary EK, Pogue JM. Coronavirus disease 2019 treatment: a review of early and emerging options. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa105.
Chiotos K, Hayes M, Kimberlin DW, et al. Multicenter interim guidance on use of antivirals for children with COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
Chiotos K, Hayes M, Kimberlin DW, et al. Multicenter initial guidance on use of antivirals for children with COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
Garg S, Kim L, Whitaker M, et al. Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 – COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1–30. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:458–464.
Kim L, Whitaker M, O’Halloran A, et al. Hospitalization rates and characteristics of children aged <18 years hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 – COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1–July 25. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:1081–1088.
Team CC-R. Coronavirus disease 2019 in children – United States, February 12–April 2. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:422–426.
Ko WC, Rolain JM, Lee NY, et al. Arguments in favour of remdesivir for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105933.
Liang C, Tian L, Liu Y, et al. A promising antiviral candidate drug for the COVID-19 pandemic: a mini-review of remdesivir. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 201:112527.
Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Leist SR, et al. Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nat Commun 2020; 11:222.
Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 – preliminary report. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1813–1826.
Goldman JD, Lye DCB, Hui DS, et al. Remdesivir for 5 or 10 days in patients with severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1827–1837.
Spinner CD, Gottlieb RL, Criner GJ, et al. Effect of remdesivir vs standard care on clinical status at 11 days in patients with moderate COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2020; 324:1048–1057.
NIH. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines, 2020. [ https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov ]. [Accessed on 22 August 2020].
Mulangu S, Dodd LE, Davey RT Jr, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:2293–2303.
Götzinger F, Santiago-García B, Noguera-Julián A, et al. COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020; 4:653–661.
Jorgensen SCJ, Kebriaei R, Dresser LD. Remdesivir: review of pharmacology, preclinical data, and emerging clinical experience for COVID-19. Pharmacotherapy 2020; 40:659–671.
Adamsick ML, Gandhi RG, Bidell MR, et al. Remdesivir in patients with acute or chronic kidney disease and COVID-19. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1384–1386.
Wardell H, Campbell JI, VanderPluym C, Dixit A. SARS-CoV-2 infection in febrile neonates. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2020; 9:630–635.
Orf K, Rogosic S, Dexter D, et al. Remdesivir during induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:e274–e276.
Patel PA, Chandrakasan S, Mickells GE, et al. Severe pediatric COVID-19 presenting with respiratory failure and severe thrombocytopenia. Pediatrics 2020; 146:e20201437doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-1437.
doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-1437
Bhimraj A, Morgan RL, Shumaker AH, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on the treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
Soo YO, Cheng Y, Wong R, et al. Retrospective comparison of convalescent plasma with continuing high-dose methylprednisolone treatment in SARS patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10:676–678.
FDA. Recommendations for investigational COVID-19 convalescent plasma. 2020 [Internet] https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/investigational-newdrug-ind-or-device-exemption-ide-process-cber/recommendations-investigational-covid-19convalescent-plasma . [Accessed on 2 September 2020].
Duan K, Liu B, Li C, et al. Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9490–9496.
Shen C, Wang Z, Zhao F, et al. Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma. JAMA 2020; 323:1582–1589.
Joyner MJ, Senefeld JW, Klassen SA, et al. Effect of convalescent plasma on mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19: initial three-month experience. medRxiv 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
Diorio C, Anderson EM, McNerney KO, et al. Convalescent plasma for pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 27:e28693.
Bloch EM, Shoham S, Casadevall A, et al. Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2757–2765.
Joyner MJ, Bruno KA, Klassen SA, et al. Safety update: COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 20,000 hospitalized patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1888–1897.
Savarino A, Boelaert JR, Cassone A, et al. Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases? Lancet Infect Dis 2003; 3:722–727.
Alvarez F. Autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Liver Dis 2006; 10:89–107. vi.
Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label nonrandomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:105949.
Horby P, Mafham M, Linsell L, et al. Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: preliminary results from a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial. medRxiv 2020; 383:2030–2040.
Rajasingham R, Bangdiwala AS, Nicol MR, et al. Hydroxychloroquine as preexposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in healthcare workers: a randomized trial. medRxiv 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
Mitja O, Corbacho-Monne M, Ubals M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine for early treatment of adults with mild Covid-19: a randomized-controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
Skipper CP, Pastick KA, Engen NW, et al. Hydroxychloroquine in nonhospitalized adults with early COVID-19: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2020; 173:623–631.
Hinton D. Memorandum explaining basis for revocation of emergency use authorization for emergency use of chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine sulfate: FDA. 2020. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/media/138945/download . [Accessed on 5 October 2020]
Boulware DR, Pullen MF, Bangdiwala AS, et al. A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:517–525.
Chao JY, Derespina KR, Herold BC, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized and critically ill children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 at a tertiary care medical center in New York City. J Pediatr 2020; 223:14–19.e2.
Zachariah P, Johnson CL, Halabi KC, et al. Epidemiology, clinical features, and disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a children's hospital in New York City, New York. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:e202430.
Cipriani A, Zorzi A, Ceccato D, et al. Arrhythmic profile and 24-h QT interval variability in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Int J Cardiol 2020; 316:280–284.
Kelly M, O’Connor R, Townsend L, et al. Clinical outcomes and adverse events in patients hospitalised with COVID-19, treated with off-label hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 1–5. [Epub Ahead of Print].
Chaccour C, Hammann F, Ramon-Garcia S, Rabinovich NR. Ivermectin and COVID-19: keeping rigor in times of urgency. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:1156–1157.
Freedberg DE, Conigliaro J, Wang TC, et al. Famotidine use is associated with improved clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a propensity score matched retrospective cohort study. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1129–1131.e3.
Wu C, Liu Y, Yang Y, et al. Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:766–788.
Ivashchenko AA, Dmitriev KA, Vostokova NV, et al. AVIFAVIR for treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19: interim results of a phase II/III multicenter randomized clinical trial. Clin Infect Dis 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
Karolyi M, Pawelka E, Mader T, et al. Hydroxychloroquine versus lopinavir/ritonavir in severe COVID-19 patients: results from a real-life patient cohort. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 1–8. doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01720-y [Epub ahead of print].
doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01720-y
Zheng F, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, et al. SARS-CoV-2 clearance in COVID-19 patients with Novaferon treatment: a randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 99:84–91.
Henderson LA, Canna SW, Friedman KG, et al. American College of Rheumatology clinical guidance for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 and hyperinflammation in pediatric COVID-19: version 1. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1791–1805.
Cummings MJ, Baldwin MR, Abrams D, et al. Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395:1763–1770.
Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:762–768.
Dulek DE, Fuhlbrigge RC, Tribble AC, et al. Multidisciplinary guidance regarding the use of immunomodulatory therapies for acute COVID-19 in pediatric patients. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
Lamontagne F, Agoritsas T, Macdonald H, et al. A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19. BMJ 2020; 370:m3379.
Miloh T, Magid M, Yurovitsky A, et al. T-cell PTLD presenting as acalculous cholecystitis. Pediatr Transplant 2008; 12:717–720.
Sterne JAC, Murthy S, Diaz JV, et al. WHO Rapid Evidence Appraisal for COVID-19 Therapies (REACT) Working Group. Association between administration of systemic corticosteroids and mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2020; 324:1330–1341.
Siemieniuk RA, Bartoszko JJ, Ge L, et al. Drug treatments for covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ 2020; 370:m2980.
Group RC, Horby P, Lim WS, et al. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 – preliminary report. N Engl J Med 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
Mehta P, Cron RQ, Hartwell J, et al. Silencing the cytokine storm: the use of intravenous anakinra in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis or macrophage activation syndrome. Lancet Rheumatol 2020; 2:e358–e367.
Cavalli G, De Luca G, Campochiaro C, et al. Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2020; 2:e325–e331.
Aouba A, Baldolli A, Geffray L, et al. Targeting the inflammatory cascade with anakinra in moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: case series. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1381–1382.
Dimopoulos G, de Mast Q, Markou N, et al. Favorable anakinra responses in severe Covid-19 patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:117–123.e1.
Filocamo G, Mangioni D, Tagliabue P, et al. Use of anakinra in severe COVID-19: a case report. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 96:607–609.
Franzetti M, Pozzetti U, Carugati M, et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in association with remdesivir in severe COVID-19: a case report. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 97:215–218.
Pontali E, Volpi S, Antonucci G, et al. Safety and efficacy of early high-dose IV anakinra in severe COVID-19 lung disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:213–215.
Le RQ, Li L, Yuan W, et al. FDA approval summary: tocilizumab for treatment of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-induced severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome. Oncologist 2018; 23:943–947.
Moutchia J, Pokharel P, Kerri A, et al. Clinical laboratory parameters associated with severe or critical novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239802.
Klopfenstein T, Zayet S, Lohse A, et al. Tocilizumab therapy reduced intensive care unit admissions and/or mortality in COVID-19 patients. Med Mal Infect 2020; 50:397–400.
Radbel J, Narayanan N, Bhatt PJ. Use of tocilizumab for COVID-19-induced cytokine release syndrome: a cautionary case report. Chest 2020; 158:e15–e19.
Toniati P, Piva S, Cattalini M, et al. Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: a single center study of 100 patients in Brescia, Italy. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102568.
Xu X, Han M, Li T, et al. Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10970–10975.
Kimura T, Hasegawa T, Ihara Y, et al. Feasibility of duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction in pediatric living related liver transplantation: report of three cases. Pediatr Transplant 2006; 10:248–251.
Hermine O, Mariette X, Tharaux PL, et al. Effect of tocilizumab vs usual care in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and moderate or severe pneumonia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
Stone JH, Frigault MJ, Serling-Boyd NJ, et al. Efficacy of tocilizumab in patients hospitalized with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:2333–2344.
Araz C, Karaaslan P, Esen A, et al. Successful treatment of a child with fulminant liver failure and coma due to Amanita phalloides poisoning using urgent liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:596–597.
Malek-Hosseini SA, Salahi H, Bahador A, et al. Pediatric liver transplantation in the Shiraz Transplant Center. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:594–595.
Balasubramanian S, Nagendran TM, Ramachandran B, Ramanan AV. Hyper-inflammatory syndrome in a child with COVID-19 treated successfully with intravenous immunoglobulin and tocilizumab. Indian Pediatr 2020; 57:681–683.
Odievre MH, de Marcellus C, Ducou Le Pointe H, et al. Dramatic improvement after tocilizumab of severe COVID-19 in a child with sickle cell disease and acute chest syndrome. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:E192–E194.
Richardson PJ, Corbellino M, Stebbing J. Baricitinib for COVID-19: a suitable treatment? – Authors’ reply. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20:1013–1014.
Seif F, Aazami H, Khoshmirsafa M, et al. JAK inhibition as a new treatment strategy for patients with COVID-19. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:467–475.
Cao Y, Wei J, Zou L, et al. Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:137–146.e3.
Cantini F, Niccoli L, Matarrese D, et al. Baricitinib therapy in COVID-19: a pilot study on safety and clinical impact. J Infect 2020; 81:318–356.
Praveen D, Puvvada RC, Vijey Aanandhi M. Janus kinase inhibitor baricitinib is not an ideal option for management of COVID-19. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105967.