The Unfolded Protein Response in the Human Infant Brain and Dysregulation Seen in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
Activating Transcription Factor 6
Cerebellum
/ metabolism
Dorsal Raphe Nucleus
/ metabolism
Endoplasmic Reticulum
/ metabolism
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
/ physiology
Endoribonucleases
/ metabolism
Female
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Orexins
/ metabolism
Patient Care
Phosphorylation
Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
/ metabolism
Risk Factors
Sudden Infant Death
Unfolded Protein Response
/ physiology
ATF6
Arousal
Brainstem
ER stress
IRE1
PPERK
Journal
Molecular neurobiology
ISSN: 1559-1182
Titre abrégé: Mol Neurobiol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8900963
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
May 2021
May 2021
Historique:
received:
24
06
2020
accepted:
02
12
2020
pubmed:
9
1
2021
medline:
19
11
2021
entrez:
8
1
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Low orexin levels in the hypothalamus, and abnormal brainstem expression levels of many neurotransmitter and receptor systems in infants who died suddenly during a sleep period and diagnosed as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), may be linked to abnormal protein unfolding. We studied neuronal expression of the three unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways in the human infant brainstem, hypothalamus, and cerebellum: activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and phosphorylated protein-kinase (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (pPERK). Percentages of positively stained neurons were examined via immunohistochemistry and compared between SIDS (n = 28) and non-SIDS (n = 12) infant deaths. Further analysis determined the effects of the SIDS risk factors including cigarette smoke exposure, bed-sharing, prone sleeping, and an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Compared to non-SIDS, SIDS infants had higher ATF6 in the inferior olivary and hypoglossal nuclei of the medulla, higher pIRE1 in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, and higher pPERK in the cuneate nucleus and hypothalamus. Infants who were found prone had higher ATF6 in the hypoglossal and the locus coeruleus of the pons. Infants exposed to cigarette smoke had higher ATF6 in the vestibular and cuneate nuclei of the medulla. Infants who were bed-sharing had higher pPERK in the dorsal raphe nuclei of the pons and the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. This study indicates that subgroups of SIDS infants, defined by risk exposure, had activation of the UPR in several nuclei relating to proprioception and motor control, suggesting that the UPR underlies the neuroreceptor system changes responsible for these physiological functions, leading to compromise in the pathogenesis of SIDS.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33417217
doi: 10.1007/s12035-020-02244-2
pii: 10.1007/s12035-020-02244-2
doi:
Substances chimiques
Activating Transcription Factor 6
0
Orexins
0
ERN1 protein, human
EC 2.7.11.1
Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
EC 2.7.11.1
Endoribonucleases
EC 3.1.-
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2242-2255Références
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